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HEMA BLOOD CELL ANOMALIES > Hahahhaa > Flashcards

Hahahhaa Flashcards

1
Q

What are the RC characteristics under ANISOCYTOSIS

A
  1. MICROCYTE
  2. MACROCYTE
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2
Q

What is the normal red size under Anisocytosis

A

6-9 um

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3
Q

Normal MCV under Anisocytosis

A

80-100 fL

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4
Q

RDW under Anisocytosis

A

11-14%

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5
Q

This is usually associated with failure of hemoglobin synthesis

A

Microcyte

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6
Q

Diameter: <6 um
MCV: <8 fL

A

Microcyte

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7
Q

Associated diseases under Microcyte

A

Anemia of Chronic Disease
Thalassemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Sideroblastic anemia

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8
Q

Diameter: >8 um
MCV : > 100 fL

A

Macrocyte

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9
Q

MACROCYTE is caused by:

A

Impaired DNA synthesis
Stress erythropoiesis
Excess surface membrane

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10
Q

The presence of MACROCYTE is usually associated with:

A

Megaloblastic anemia
Liver disease
Pernicious anemia

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11
Q

Variation in color

A

Anisochromia

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12
Q

Anisochromia:
Normal MCHC =
Central pallor=
MHC=

A

MCHC= 32-36g/dL
CENTRAL PALLOR= 1/3
MHC= 26-32 pg

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13
Q

MCHC & MHC are decreased
Central pallor > 1/3 of the total cell diameter

A

Hypochromia

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14
Q

Hypochromia is associated with

A

Iron deficiency
Thalassemia

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15
Q

A red cell with increased MCHC and no central pallor

A

Hyperchromia

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16
Q

Hyperchromia is associated with:

A

Sperocytosis
Macrocytosis

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17
Q

Pertains to the blue-gray discoloration of red cell owing to the presence of RNA remnants inside the cell

A

Polychromasia/ polychromia

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18
Q

Polychromia is associated with

A

Hemolytic anemia
Physiologic need

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19
Q

Variation in cell shape

A

Poikilocytosis

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20
Q

Indication of a normal shape:

A

Biconcave- disk shape

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21
Q
  1. POIKILOCYTES SECONDARY TO MEMBRANE ABNORMALITIES: AECEOSS
A

Acanthocytes
Echinocytes
Codocytes/target cells
Elliptocytes
Ovalocytes
Spherocytes
Stomatocytes

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22
Q

These are known as mouth cells or hydrocytes
- cells have mouth or slit-like pallor and are bowl-shaped

A

Stomatocytes

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23
Q

Stomatocytes are seen in

A

Hereditary stomatocytosis
Alcoholism
Cirrhosis
Obstructive liver disease
Rh null individuals

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24
Q

These are smaller red cells with concentrated hemoglobin and no visible central pallor

A

Spherocytes

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25
Q

These are due to defective membrane (spectrin deficiency) that cause the lowest surface area to volume ratio

A

Spherocytes

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26
Q

Spherocytes are usually seen in:

A

Hereditary spherocytosis
Isoimmune and autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Severe burns
Banked blood stored for a long time having storage lesions

27
Q

These are egg-like or oval-shaped cells that are wider than elliptocytes

A

Ovalocytes

28
Q

This is due to a bipolar arrangement of hemoglobin or reduction of membrane cholesterol

A

Ovalocytes

29
Q

Ovalocytes are usually associated with

A

Megaloblastic anemia
Myelodysplasia
Sickle cell anemia

30
Q

These are rod or cigar shaped cells that are narrower than ovalocytes

A

Elliptocytes

31
Q

This is due to the defects in the polymerization of hemoglobin that cause defects in the cytoskeleton or decreased membrane protein band 4.1 lead to a condition known as Hereditary Elliptocytosis

A

Elliptocytes

32
Q

These are also known as target cells or Mexican hat cells

33
Q

Cells show a peripheral rim of hemoglobin surrounded by a clear area and central hemoglobinized area (resembling a bull’s eye appearance)

34
Q

Also known as burr cells, cremated cells or sea urchin cells

A

Echinocytes

35
Q

Red cells with regular 10-30 scalloped short projections

Occur due to the depletion of ATP and exposure to hypertonic salt solution

A

Echinocytes

36
Q

Echinocytes are associated with:

A

Uremia
Chronic renal disease
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis

37
Q

These are also known as sour cells or thorn cells

A

Acanthocytes

38
Q
A

Spheroid in shape with 3-12 irregular spikes/spicules caused by abnormal ratios of membrane lecithin and sphingomyelin or increased ratio of cholesterol to lecithin

39
Q

Two variants of Schistocytes/schizocytes

A

Keratocytes/helmet cells
Knizocytes

40
Q

Triangular in shape with two pallor areas

A

Knizocytes

41
Q

Hornlike projections

A

Keratocytes

42
Q

Schizocytes are indicative of: DTBM

A

Disseminated intra vascular coagulation
thrombocytopenic purpura
Burns
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

43
Q

Extreme fragmentation of red cells is caused by the presence of fibrin in the blood vessel walls or prosthetic heart valves

A

Schistocytes/ schizocytes

44
Q

Known as tear drop n pear shaped cells with elongated point or tail

A

Dacrocytes

45
Q

Happens during squeezing or fragmentation of the red cells during splenic passage

A

Dacrocytes

46
Q

Dacrocytes are associated with:

A

Myeloid metaplasia
Hyperplenism

47
Q

Red blood cells with smaller diameter that ruptures at a much lower temperature 45 C than normal red cell fragments at 49 C

A

Microspherocytes or pyropoikilocytes

48
Q

Microspherocytes or pyropoikilocytes are caused by:

A

Hereditary pyropoikilocytes
Severe burns

49
Q

These are semi-lunar bodies that are large, pale, pink staining ghosts of the red cells

A

Half-moon/ crescent cells

50
Q

POIKILOCYTES secondary to abnormal hemoglobin content

A

DEPRANOCYTE

51
Q

Also known as sickle cells or menisocytes

A

Depranocyte

52
Q

Coarse, round densely stained purple granules approximately 1-2 um in size that are eccentrically located on the periphery of the red cell membrane

A

Howell-holly bodies

53
Q

They are nuclear remnants that contain DNA

A

Howell-jolly bodies

54
Q

Howell-jolly bodies are seen in

A

Megaloblastic anemia
Accelerated erythropoiesis
Severe hemolytic process
Thalassemia

55
Q

Causing punctuate basophilia in the red cell, these are round, dark blue granules thta are uniformly distributed

Caused by precipitation of ribosomes and RNAa in the cell and are representing impaired erythropoiesis

A

Basophilic stippling

56
Q

These are represented as rings, loops, or figures of eight that are red to purple in color
They are the remnants of the microtubules or the mitotic spindle

A

Cabot rings

57
Q

Caused by precipitation of denatured hemoglobin due to oxidative injury
Multiple Heinz bodies can give a pitted golf-ball appearance to a cell

A

Heinz bodies

58
Q

Precipitation of Hb H caused by alpha thalassemia

A

HB H inclusions

59
Q

Appear as clam shells, darkly staining hexagonal crystals with blunt ends

A

HB CC crystals

60
Q

Dark hued crystals of condensed Hb that distort the red cell membrane

Often straight with parallel sides and one blunt end , while the other is a pointed protruding end

A

HB SC CRYSTALS

61
Q

Resembles as Washington Monument Shape

A

HB SC CRYSTALS

62
Q

Also known as siderotic granules
Represents the unused iron deposits in the body

A

Pappenheimer bodies

63
Q

Phenomenon when red cells aggregate into a random clusters or masses due to exposure to various cell antibodies

A

Autoagglutination

64
Q

When red cells can have a stack of coin arrangement because of the altered zeta potential among them when plasma proteins are increased

A

Rouleaux formation

HEMA BLOOD CELL ANOMALIES (8 decks)

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