Modules 6 - 9 Quizzes

Question 1

what might cause your compost pile to have a bad smell?

Answer 1

• too wet
• need turning

Question 2

according to the Florida Administrative Code and Administrative Register Rule Chapter 62-709: Criteria for Organics and Processing and Recycling Facilities, match the definition with the appropriate term: waste that has passed through the thermophilic stage

Answer 2

stabilized

Question 3

according to the Florida Administrative Code and Administrative Register Rule Chapter 62-709: Criteria for Organics and Processing and Recycling Facilities, match the definition with the appropriate term: plate scrapings

Answer 3

putrescible waste

Question 4

according to the Florida Administrative Code and Administrative Register Rule Chapter 62-709: Criteria for Organics and Processing and Recycling Facilities, match the definition with the appropriate term: biological decomposition, with a few pockets of anaerobic zones within the material

Answer 4

composting

Question 5

according to the Florida Administrative Code and Administrative Register Rule Chapter 62-709: Criteria for Organics and Processing and Recycling Facilities, match the definition with the appropriate term: biological decomposition carried out under controlled anaerobic conditions

Answer 5

anaerobic digestion

Question 6

stabilized compost is compost that serves a beneficial use when applied to the soil. this includes:

Answer 6

• keeping soil temperature constant
• improving soil water holding capacity
• reduced soil erosion

Question 7

true or false: soil organic matter is largely composed of unstable, actively decomposing organic components

Answer 7

false

Question 8

true or false: changing the soil organic matter content of a soil changes the soil’s texture

Answer 8

false

Question 9

organic matter, such as compost, is added to soil to change all of the following except: aggregation, CEC, tilth, water holding capacity, and texture

Answer 9

texture

Question 10

temperature rises during the composting process because of

Answer 10

microbial respiration

Question 11

NH4+ -> organic N

Answer 11

nitrogen uptake

Question 12

organic N -> NH4+

Answer 12

nitrogen mineralization

Question 13

NH4+ -> NO3-

Answer 13

nitrification

Question 14

NO3- -> N2 + N2O

Answer 14

denitrification

Question 15

The ____ charge prevents ammonium nitrogen from leaching out of the soil with excess rainfall or irrigation. In contrast, _____ nitrogen has a negative charge is not held by soil particles and so can be leached out of the soil.

Answer 15

• positive
• negative

Question 16

identify the correct label for each number in this simplified diagram of nitrogen fixation

Answer 16

1. legume
2. nitrogen gas
3. ammonium
4. nodule
5. rhizobium

Question 17

conversion of inorganic nitrogen into organic nitrogen during organismal growth

Answer 17

nitrogen uptake

Question 18

the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, most commonly through metabolic processes of soil microorganisms

Answer 18

nitrogen fixation

Question 19

conversion of nitrogen from an organic to an inorganic form during decomposition

Answer 19

nitrogen mineralization

Question 20

two step oxidation (by bacteria) of a water soluble ion of nitrogen into another water soluble ion of nitrogen

Answer 20

nitrification

Question 21

the reduction of nitrate by soil bacteria into nitrogen gas (N2)

Answer 21

denitrification

Question 22

movement of nitrate out of the plant root zone

Answer 22

leaching

Question 23

harvest results in a ____ of ____ to or from the soil system

Answer 23

• loss
• nitrogen and phosphorous

Question 24

immobilization is a ____ of ____ in the soil system

Answer 24

• transformation
• nitrogen and phosphorous

Question 25

soil adsorption can cause a loss of plant available ____ especially when the ____ of the soil is low

Answer 25

- phosphorous - pH

Question 26

legumes (symbiotic N fixation) are a ____ of ____ to or from the soil system

Answer 26

- gain - nitrogen only

Question 27

mineralization is a ___ of ____ in the soil system

Answer 27

- transformation - nitrogen and phosphorous

Question 28

denitrification is ____ of ____ to or from the soil system

Answer 28

- loss - nitrogen only

Question 29

most of the water required by a plant is used for growth

Answer 29

false

Question 30

floridians have a water consumptive use rate that exceeds that of rainfall received by the state. this is why our groundwater supply is in peril

Answer 30

false

Question 31

N fertilizer and irrigation should be managed together to prevent leaching losses

Answer 31

true

Question 32

the role of irrigation water in agriculture systems is to

Answer 32

- promote plant structure - create optimal conditions for cultivated crops - regulate plant temperature

Question 33

a soil test reports what nutrients the unfertilized soil can provide to the plant

Answer 33

true

Question 34

for florida, the loss of water via evapotranspiration is ____ the loss of water by surface and groundwater outflow to the gulf of mexico and atlantic ocean

Answer 34

greater than

Question 35

many factors influence the frequency and volume of irrigation. which factors can be controlled by the farmer?

Answer 35

- crop selection based on pathogen susceptibility - irrigation delivery system - crop selection based on crop natural history

Question 36

what is the water requirement for seedlings?

Answer 36

low

Question 37

what is the water requirement for flowering plants?

Answer 37

high

Question 38

what is the water requirement for drying plants prior to harvest?

Answer 38

none

Question 39

what are the two primary nutrients that can degrade water quality?

Answer 39

nitrogen and phosphorous

Question 40

irrigation is not required when seasonal ET is ____ precipitation

Answer 40

less than

Question 41

most odors associated with land application of manures or composted manure are a great nuisance than threat to human health or the environment. odor controls include:

Answer 41

- incorporating manure into the soil - stabilization processes like composting

Question 42

why are manures considered low analysis fertilizers or soil ammendments?

Answer 42

the concentration of plant nutrients is typically low at less than 1% or 2%

Question 43

two methods to stabilize manure include (anaerobic) digestion and composting

Answer 43

true

Question 44

land application of organic wastes requires careful management so that:

Answer 44

- application rates match crop nutrient requirements - storage does not become a source of pollution

Question 45

nutrients slowly released over time

Answer 45

organic fertilizers

Question 46

improves soil health

Answer 46

organic fertilizers

Question 47

nutrients are available in greater amounts

Answer 47

synthetic fertilizers

Question 48

nutrient amounts are highly accurate

Answer 48

synthetic fertilizers