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Agriculture Quality > Modules 6 - 9 Quizzes > Flashcards

Modules 6 - 9 Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

what might cause your compost pile to have a bad smell?

A
  • too wet
  • need turning
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2
Q

according to the Florida Administrative Code and Administrative Register Rule Chapter 62-709: Criteria for Organics and Processing and Recycling Facilities, match the definition with the appropriate term: waste that has passed through the thermophilic stage

A

stabilized

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3
Q

according to the Florida Administrative Code and Administrative Register Rule Chapter 62-709: Criteria for Organics and Processing and Recycling Facilities, match the definition with the appropriate term: plate scrapings

A

putrescible waste

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4
Q

according to the Florida Administrative Code and Administrative Register Rule Chapter 62-709: Criteria for Organics and Processing and Recycling Facilities, match the definition with the appropriate term: biological decomposition, with a few pockets of anaerobic zones within the material

A

composting

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5
Q

according to the Florida Administrative Code and Administrative Register Rule Chapter 62-709: Criteria for Organics and Processing and Recycling Facilities, match the definition with the appropriate term: biological decomposition carried out under controlled anaerobic conditions

A

anaerobic digestion

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6
Q

stabilized compost is compost that serves a beneficial use when applied to the soil. this includes:

A
  • keeping soil temperature constant
  • improving soil water holding capacity
  • reduced soil erosion
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7
Q

true or false: soil organic matter is largely composed of unstable, actively decomposing organic components

A

false

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8
Q

true or false: changing the soil organic matter content of a soil changes the soil’s texture

A

false

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9
Q

organic matter, such as compost, is added to soil to change all of the following except: aggregation, CEC, tilth, water holding capacity, and texture

A

texture

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10
Q

temperature rises during the composting process because of

A

microbial respiration

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11
Q

NH4+ -> organic N

A

nitrogen uptake

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12
Q

organic N -> NH4+

A

nitrogen mineralization

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13
Q

NH4+ -> NO3-

A

nitrification

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14
Q

NO3- -> N2 + N2O

A

denitrification

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15
Q

The ____ charge prevents ammonium nitrogen from leaching out of the soil with excess rainfall or irrigation. In contrast, _____ nitrogen has a negative charge is not held by soil particles and so can be leached out of the soil.

A
  • positive
  • negative
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16
Q

identify the correct label for each number in this simplified diagram of nitrogen fixation

A
  1. legume
  2. nitrogen gas
  3. ammonium
  4. nodule
  5. rhizobium
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17
Q

conversion of inorganic nitrogen into organic nitrogen during organismal growth

A

nitrogen uptake

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18
Q

the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, most commonly through metabolic processes of soil microorganisms

A

nitrogen fixation

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19
Q

conversion of nitrogen from an organic to an inorganic form during decomposition

A

nitrogen mineralization

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20
Q

two step oxidation (by bacteria) of a water soluble ion of nitrogen into another water soluble ion of nitrogen

A

nitrification

21
Q

the reduction of nitrate by soil bacteria into nitrogen gas (N2)

A

denitrification

22
Q

movement of nitrate out of the plant root zone

A

leaching

23
Q

harvest results in a ____ of ____ to or from the soil system

A
  • loss
  • nitrogen and phosphorous
24
Q

immobilization is a ____ of ____ in the soil system

A
  • transformation
  • nitrogen and phosphorous
25
Q

soil adsorption can cause a loss of plant available ____ especially when the ____ of the soil is low

A
  • phosphorous
  • pH
26
Q

legumes (symbiotic N fixation) are a ____ of ____ to or from the soil system

A
  • gain
  • nitrogen only
27
Q

mineralization is a ___ of ____ in the soil system

A
  • transformation
  • nitrogen and phosphorous
28
Q

denitrification is ____ of ____ to or from the soil system

A
  • loss
  • nitrogen only
29
Q

most of the water required by a plant is used for growth

A

false

30
Q

floridians have a water consumptive use rate that exceeds that of rainfall received by the state. this is why our groundwater supply is in peril

A

false

31
Q

N fertilizer and irrigation should be managed together to prevent leaching losses

A

true

32
Q

the role of irrigation water in agriculture systems is to

A
  • promote plant structure
  • create optimal conditions for cultivated crops
  • regulate plant temperature
33
Q

a soil test reports what nutrients the unfertilized soil can provide to the plant

A

true

34
Q

for florida, the loss of water via evapotranspiration is ____ the loss of water by surface and groundwater outflow to the gulf of mexico and atlantic ocean

A

greater than

35
Q

many factors influence the frequency and volume of irrigation. which factors can be controlled by the farmer?

A
  • crop selection based on pathogen susceptibility
  • irrigation delivery system
  • crop selection based on crop natural history
36
Q

what is the water requirement for seedlings?

A

low

37
Q

what is the water requirement for flowering plants?

A

high

38
Q

what is the water requirement for drying plants prior to harvest?

A

none

39
Q

what are the two primary nutrients that can degrade water quality?

A

nitrogen and phosphorous

40
Q

irrigation is not required when seasonal ET is ____ precipitation

A

less than

41
Q

most odors associated with land application of manures or composted manure are a great nuisance than threat to human health or the environment. odor controls include:

A
  • incorporating manure into the soil
  • stabilization processes like composting
42
Q

why are manures considered low analysis fertilizers or soil ammendments?

A

the concentration of plant nutrients is typically low at less than 1% or 2%

43
Q

two methods to stabilize manure include (anaerobic) digestion and composting

A

true

44
Q

land application of organic wastes requires careful management so that:

A
  • application rates match crop nutrient requirements
  • storage does not become a source of pollution
45
Q

nutrients slowly released over time

A

organic fertilizers

46
Q

improves soil health

A

organic fertilizers

47
Q

nutrients are available in greater amounts

A

synthetic fertilizers

48
Q

nutrient amounts are highly accurate

A

synthetic fertilizers

Agriculture Quality (18 decks)

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