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Agriculture Quality > Module 1: Principles of Agriculture > Flashcards

Module 1: Principles of Agriculture Flashcards

1
Q

agriculture

A

the science, art, or practice of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock
- not limited to just the production of crops, but also includes the cultivation of soil, grazing of livestock, and the production of crops. Agriculture also includes the production of crops that are not consumed as food.

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2
Q

agriculture as a practice

A

techniques, skills, and methods used to raise animals, produce crops, and cultivate soil

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3
Q

what are examples of non-food commodities?

A

tobacco and cotton

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4
Q

what are silage ingredients?

A

corn leaves, corn stalks, and almost ripe corn cobs

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5
Q

what are some examples of institutions used for research, education, and outreach in agriculture?

A

International rice research institute
International potato center
International maize and wheat improvement center
International crops research institute for the semi-arid tropics
USDA agricultural research service
UF IFAS extension

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6
Q

what type of crop feeds the world?

A

grasses

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7
Q

what are typical inputs in food production?

A

land, labor, fertilizer, water, energy to run equipment, and other factors

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8
Q

what are typical outputs in food production?

A

crop products and livestock products

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9
Q

what happens when there is an increase in agricultural lands?

A

over time this results in a loss of natural ecosystems

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10
Q

how much of freshwater withdrawals is used for agriculture? for other uses?

A

70% for agriculture and 30% for other uses

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11
Q

what is the triple bottom line in sustainability?

A

economic stability, environmental quality, and social viability

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12
Q

what is sustainability?

A
  • the intersection of the environment, society, and economics
  • When we balance the triple bottom line, agriculture as a practice is working towards sustainability
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13
Q

how can agronomists be successful in their field?

A

need to operate under a set of rules that establishes or defines boundaries and tells them how to behave inside those boundaries: Do no harm and balance the triple bottom line

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14
Q

what is environmental quality?

A
  • Environmental quality is the capacity of an ecosystem to function
  • Air, water, and soil determine how well the ecosystem is functioning
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15
Q

how many crops are recognized by the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization?

A

173

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16
Q

what crop covers the most land?

A
  • wheat, followed by corn then rice
  • wheat is the number one cereal produced based on land cultivated
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17
Q

what type of crop is cotton?

A
  • a fiber crop; other examples include hemp and jute
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18
Q

how much of agricultural land covers our ice free land area?

A

37%

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19
Q

Is most agricultural land cropland or meadows and pastures?

A

Most of the global land under agricultural land cover is managed as meadows and pastures

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20
Q

How is agriculture used as a science?

A
  • Used in farmer-led experiments on alternative options to chemical insecticides for cauliflower production in eastern nepal
  • Tools to reduce insecticide use
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21
Q

How do growers meet global food demands?

A

By monitoring cereal yield over time
Cereals are a group of grasses that include wheat, barley, corn, and rice

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22
Q

rain fed crops

A

the crops do not receive additional inputs of water from irrigation

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23
Q

meadows and pastures

A

maintain their plant cover year after year, impacting natural biodiversity and ecosystem function in a range of ways

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24
Q

croplands

A

have undergone a complete land cover change but some natural lands may exist as a mosaic within cropland area

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25
Q

perennial cropland

A

continuous crop cover
- allows for less soil disturbance but dryer climates require more water throughout the year

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26
Q

annual cropland

A

planted and harvested annually
- have a shorter growing season which could result in tilling the soil and only needing irrigation for part of the year

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27
Q

annual croplands throughout the year

A

Wheat, then double-crop soybean in the first year with a cutoff of oct 1
Winter with no crops then corn in the second year
Or a cover crop can be placed in the winter

28
Q

pasture

A

natural or improved (grasses, fertilizer)

29
Q

rangeland

A

natural (grassland, shrublands, woodlands)
managed through ecological methods not agronomic methods
- Managed through ecological methods and does not involve the use of fertilizers or planting of grasses

30
Q

what are chill hours?

A
  • the accumulation of hours when temperatures are between 32 and 45
31
Q

what makes florida a water state?

A
  • precipitation: second most rainfall in the US
  • groundwater (aquifer): several larger aquifers, many springs around the state
32
Q

what is now agricultural land was once what?

A
  • was once a natural ecosystem such as a forest, shrubland, or grassland
  • the conversion of forests to either croplands or pasture has been and continues to be a major cause of deforestation
33
Q

what can promote plant growth and increase biodiversity?

A

grazing of livestock

34
Q

cover crop

A

decrease soil erosion from annual crops

35
Q

best management practices

A

minimize fertilizer use that apply across a range of crop types, climates and soil types

36
Q

what is most of florida covered in?

A

covered in forest, followed by pasture and rangelands, developed lands, and then cropland

37
Q

what does florida grow?

A

trees, cows, people, sugar and food

38
Q

how much total land cover does pasture and rangeland use in florida?

A

17%

39
Q

how much total land cover does cropland use in florida?

A

7%

40
Q

what are the four major crops in florida?

A

sugarcane, oranges, hay, and peanuts

41
Q

Why is florida a leading state in the production of fruits and veggies?

A
  • 3 climate zones
  • soil types
  • precipitation
42
Q

what are the three climate zones in florida?

A
  • tropical
  • subtropical
  • temperate
43
Q

what crops are suitable in south florida?

A

has a tropical to subtropical climate suited for citrus, mangoes, sugarcane, and winter veggies

44
Q

what crops are suitable in gainesville and the panhandle?

A

more temperate climate for potatoes, cotton, peanuts, and sweet corn

45
Q

what soil is cotton grown in?

A

north florida’s sandy loam soils

46
Q

what soil is potatoes grown in?

A

north florida but in sandy soils

47
Q

what soil is sugarcane and tomatoes grown in?

A

grown in south florida and prefer organic soils
Tomatoes grow well in calcareous soils

48
Q

calcareous soils

A

light in color and have a high pH

49
Q

how much water do we use per year?

A

4 trillion cubic meters

50
Q

if you combined earth’s oceans, ice caps, lakes, streams, and groundwater in one sphere, what would the diameter be?

A
  • 860 miles in diameter
  • stretch from salt lake city to kansas city
  • If we were to pour all that water back in 98% would return to the ocean and 2% contains both fresh and saline water on land, liquid water, and ice on land, and water above and below ground
51
Q

if you combined all the freshwater lakes and rivers into one sphere what would the diameter be?

A

34.9 miles in diameter

52
Q

what are our 9 freshwater resources?

A

Ice caps/glaciers/permanent snow
Groundwater
Ground ice and permafrost
Lakes
Soil moisture
Atmosphere
Swamp water
Rivers
Biological water

53
Q

what percentage of earth’s water is in ice and snow? fresh water? and other?

A

68.7% ice and snow
30% ground water
1% other

54
Q

how much of our total freshwater resources do we use? (out of the 4 trillion meters cubed

A

.011%

55
Q

fluxes

A

Fluxes are the movement of water between pools on an annual basis

56
Q

how much of our global withdrawals was used as irrigation for agricultural lands?

A

70%

57
Q

what is an example of sustainable agriculture?

A

rice cultivation in the southeastern region of yunnan province in china

58
Q

what is the generalized process of growing rice?

A
  • germination, seedling emergence, tillering, and heading require flooding
  • ripening and harvesting require dry conditions
59
Q

what is the growing process for rice?

A
  • precipitation from the river soaks into the forest and percolates downwards into the terraces
60
Q

why are wetlands important in florida?

A

serve as spawning areas and nurseries for many species of fish and wildlife, perform important flood-storage roles, cycle nutrients in runoff water, contribute moisture to the hydrologic cycle, and add plant and animal diversity. They also can provide limited grazing for animals.

61
Q

how are wetlands defined under florida law?

A

areas inundated
or saturated by surface water or ground water at
a frequency and duration sufficient to support,
and that under normal circumstances do support,
a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for
life in saturated soils

62
Q

what are florida wetlands?

A

swamps, marshes, bayheads, bogs, cypress
domes and strands, sloughs, wet prairies, riverine
swamps, hydric seepage slopes, tidal marshes,

63
Q

how does the florida geological survey define spings?

A

a point where underground water emerges to the
earth’s surface. Springs flow naturally from underlying aquifers and are classified based on their
magnitude, or amount of flow coming from the
spring vent.

64
Q

springshed

A

The area within ground water and surface water
basins that contributes to the flow of a spring is a
spring’s recharge basin

65
Q

how many miles of rivers and streams are there in florida?

A

51,000

66
Q

Rank the FAO’s 6 categories of crops by area harvested

A

cereals
oilcrops
fruits, veggies, and nuts
pulses
roots and tubers
fiber crops

67
Q

Identify which single crop in Florida has the highest production value

A

Oranges at 1 billion dollars

Agriculture Quality (18 decks)

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