Module 11: Agricultural Wastes Into Bioenergy

Question 1

fossil fuels

Answer 1

petroleum, natural gas, coal

Question 2

how much energy consumption is used by fossil fuels?

Answer 2

79%

Question 3

what is the primary end user of petroleum?

Answer 3

transportation sector
- petroleum is directly used as fuel for vehicles, air gas

Question 4

what is the primary end users of natural gas?

Answer 4

residential sector and the industrial sector (includes agriculture, manufacturing, and mining)

Question 5

what is most natural gas converted to?

Answer 5

electricity at the powerplant before being used

Question 6

how much energy consumption is renewable energy?

Answer 6

12%

Question 7

who uses renewable energy?

Answer 7

all sectors - industrial, transportation, residential, and commercial

Question 8

how much of kinetic energy is converted to electricity before going to the end user?

Answer 8

over half

Question 9

how much energy comes from other sources than the sun, such as win, nuclear, geothermal, and hydroelectric?

Answer 9

16%

Question 10

photosynthesis

Answer 10

process by which energy from the sun is stored in the carbon-to-carbon bonds of plant or algae biomass. when we burn wood, coal, gasoline, or natural gas, we release that energy in carbon-to-carbon bonds to do work

Question 11

obtained from the processing of crude oil, natural gas, and other hydrocarbon compounds. Products include motor gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, petrochemical feedstocks, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, other products. Excludes biofuels that have been
blended. Units: gallons, barrels

Answer 11

petroleum

Question 12

A gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, primarily methane, formed deep beneath the earth’s surface over millions of years from the remains of plants and animals, chemicals, heat, and pressure.
Excludes supplemental gaseous fuels. Units: cubic feet.

Answer 12

natural gas

Question 13

A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock with a high amount of carbon and hydrocarbons formed from plant remains that have been compacted, hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time. Units: short tons

Answer 13

coal

Question 14

are naturally replenishing but flow limited. They are virtually inexhaustible in duration but limited in the
amount of energy that is available per unit of time. Includes biomass, conventional hydroelectric power, geothermal, solar, and wind energy. We are only focusing on biomass

Answer 14

renewable energy

Question 15

bioenergy

Answer 15

renewable energy produced from organic matter

Question 16

carbon neutral

Answer 16

not adding to the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere during photosynthesis, store chemical energy from the sun in the carbon bonds of plant cells. energy and carbon dioxide is released when that plant is eaten, decomposed, burned

Question 17

new carbon

Answer 17

recently fixed carbon via photosynthesis. if used for a biomass feedstock, it is renewable

Question 18

old carbon

Answer 18

carbon that was fixed by photosynthesis millions of years ago and transformed over time into fossil fuels. use of fossil fuels adds old carbon to the atmosphere and is considered carbon positive

Question 19

biomass for bioenergy production

Answer 19

any plant derived organic matter available on a renewable basis. biomass can substitute for fossil fuels in the production of energy. biomass for energy production can be used directly into liquids or gasses

Question 20

what are some examples of biomass for energy production?

Answer 20

• crops
• residues
• wastes

Question 21

biomass feedstocks

Answer 21

the components within biomass that are targeted for direct use as a fuel or conversion to either liquid or a gas

Question 22

what are the benefits of a robust bioenergy industry?

Answer 22

• supplying domestic clean energy sources
• reducing US dependence on foreign oil
• generating US jobs
• revitalizing rural economies

Question 23

what biomass resources are derived from plant and algae materials?

Answer 23

• crop wastes
• forest residues
• purpose grown grasses
• woody energy crops
• microalgae
• urban wood waste
• food waste

Question 24

what are the types of biofuels?

Answer 24

-cellulosic ethanol
- biodiesel

Question 25

biopower

Answer 25

convert renewable biomass fuels into heat and electricity using processes like those used with fossil fuels

Question 26

what are the three ways to harvest the energy stored in biomass?

Answer 26

• burning
• bacterial decay
• conversion to a gas or liquid fuel