MODULES 29-31

Question 1

Instinct theory

Answer 1

We are motivated by our inborn automated behaviors

Question 2

Drive reduction theory

Answer 2

Our behavior is motivated by biological needs. Ex. Food is good. Hunger is not. Hunger DRIVES us to seek out food.

Question 3

Arousal theory

Answer 3

We are motivated to seek an optimum level of arousal.

Question 4

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 4

People perform best at intermediate levels of arousal, and that performance is lower at high or low levels of arousal.

Question 5

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 5

(From bottom to top) Physiological, safety, belonging and love, esteem and self actualization.

Question 6

Lateral hypothalamus

Answer 6

Makes you hungry when stimulated. If leisoned, you will never feel hunger again.

Question 7

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 7

When stimulated, you feel full. If leisoned, you will always be hungry.

Question 8

Set point theory

Answer 8

The hypothalamus acts like a thermostat and wants to maintain a stable weight.

Question 9

Glucose’s role in hunger

Answer 9

Hunger increases when glucose is low

Question 10

Insulin’s role in hunger

Answer 10

Converts glucose to fat

Question 11

Internal stimulant of hunger

Answer 11

Hunger pain, hunger feelings, dizziness

Question 12

External stimulant of hunger

Answer 12

Advertisements, smells, etc.

Question 13

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 13

Binging and purging of food

Question 14

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 14

Starving oneself to below 85% of their normal/ideal body weight.

Question 15

Sexual response cycle

Answer 15

The four stages of sexual responding as described by Masters and Johnson:

1. Excitement
2. Plateau
3. Orgasm
4. Resolution (refractory)

Question 16

Excitement phase of sexual response cycle

Answer 16

Genital areas become aroused and engorged with blood, preparing

Question 17

Plateau phase of sexual response cycle

Answer 17

Breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates continue to increase.

Question 18

Orgasm phase of the sexual response cycle

Answer 18

Muscles all around the body contract to either aid the capture of male semen, or to aid the ejaculation itself.

Question 19

Resolution phase of the sexual response cycle

Answer 19

Body returns to homeostasis – this is the period in which males cannot experience another orgasm until after the refractory period.

Question 20

Refractory period

Answer 20

A resting period after orgasm in which a man cannot achieve another orgasm. Can be a few minutes, or a day or more.

Question 21

Sexual disorders

Answer 21

A problem that impairs sexual arousal or functioning. Usually has mental or emotional causes.

Question 22

Sexual disorders

Answer 22

A problem that impairs sexual arousal or functioning. Usually has mental or emotional causes.

Question 23

Estrogen

Answer 23

A sex hormone secreted in greater amounts in females than males. Estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.

Question 24

Testosterone

Answer 24

The most important of the sex hormones. Males and females both have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the male sex characteristics during puberty.

Question 25

What was revealed through the studies of Alfred Kinsey?

Answer 25

During the 1950’s, biologist Alfred Kinsey interviewed nearly 18,000 people and found that 1. most men and half of all women have had premarital sex. 2. Almost all men and women masturbate. 3. Women who had orgasms while masturbating were more likely to report having orgasms after marriage.

Question 26

Flow

Answer 26

A completely involved, focused state of consciousness with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting in optimal engagement of one’s skills.

Question 27

Industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology

Answer 27

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in the workplace.

Question 28

Personnel psychology

Answer 28

A sub-field of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.

Question 29

Organizational psychology

Answer 29

A sub-field of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.

Question 30

Structured interview

Answer 30

Interview process that asks the same job relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales and criteria.

Question 31

Achievement motivation

Answer 31

A desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, ideas; for attaining a high standard.

Question 32

Task leadership

Answer 32

A goal oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals

Question 33

Social leadership

Answer 33

Group oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support.

Question 34

Izard’s 7 common emotions

Answer 34

Joy, anger, interest, disgust, surprise, sadness, and fear.

Question 35

Catharsis hypothesis

Answer 35

If you’re angry, find a healthy way to release it.

Question 36

Feel good, do good.

Answer 36

We’re more prone to do good when we’re feeling good.

Question 37

Subjective well being

Answer 37

Self perceived feelings of happiness or satisfaction with life.

Question 38

Adaptation level phenomenon

Answer 38

Like adaptation to brightness, volume, or touch, people can adapt to things like income levels.

Question 39

Relative deprivation

Answer 39

Perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself.