MODULES 16 - 17

Question 1

Visual capture

Answer 1

The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

Question 2

Gestalt

Answer 2

an organized whole; Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

Question 3

Figure and ground

Answer 3

The organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)

Question 4

Grouping

Answer 4

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups based on proximity, similarity, continuity, connectedness, and closure

Question 5

Depth perception

Answer 5

The ability to see objects in three dimensions even though the images that strike the retina are two dimensional; allows us to judge distance

Question 6

Visual cliff

Answer 6

A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and other young animals

Question 7

Binocular dues

Answer 7

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of our eyes

Question 8

Retinal disparity

Answer 8

A binocular cue for perceiving depth by comparing images from the two eyeballs. The brain can compute distance from this information: the greater disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object

Question 9

Convergence

Answer 9

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. The greater the inward strain, the closer the object.

Question 10

Monocular cue

Answer 10

Depth cues, such as relative size, interposition, relative clarity, texture gradient, relative height, relative motion, linear perspective, and light and shadow

Answer 11

Relative size – one that casts the smaller retinal image is farther away

Answer 12

Interposition – if one object partially blocks our view, we see it as closer

Answer 13

Relative clarity – hazy = far, clear

Answer 14

Texture gradient – indistinct texture signals = increased distance

Answer 15

Relative height – higher = farther

Answer 16

Relative motion – as we move, stable objects seem to move

Answer 17

Linear perspective – more lines converge, the greater the distance

Answer 18

Light and shadow – Nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes

Question 19

Stroboscopic movement

Answer 19

The brain will percieve continuous motion from a series of slightly varying images or lights

Question 20

Perceptual constancy

Answer 20

Percieving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change

Question 21

Critical period

Answer 21

the period in which neural connections are made that otherwise not created or disturbed would stunt sensory and perceptual development

Question 22

Perceptual adaptation

Answer 22

In vision, the ability to adjust to an artifically displaced or even inverted visual field

Question 23

Why do people percieve the same thing in different ways?

Answer 23

Each person percieves things based on their schemas, and because each person’s schema is unique, each person has a unique way of interpreting something. Cultural, biological, and psychological influences can determine how so many people see a scene differently.

Question 24

Human factors psychologists

Answer 24

A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made sage and easy to use

Question 25

Extrasensory perception (ESP)

Answer 25

Perception that can occur apart from sensory input

Question 26

Telepathy

Answer 26

Mind-to-mind communication

Question 27

Clairvoyance

Answer 27

Percieving remote events

Question 28

Precognition

Answer 28

Percieving future events