Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience > Module D-02 > Flashcards

Module D-02 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 somatosensory modalities?

A

Touch, vibration,proprioception(muscular),pain and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of neurons are the somatosensory receptor neurons?

A

Pseudounipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are sensory endings of the somatosensory receptor neurons found?

A

In skin or in (close to) muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are cell bodies of the somatosensory receptor neurons found?

A

Dorsal root and Cranial nerve Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 Cutaneous touch receptors?

A

1) Merkel’s disks

2) Ruffini’s endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of specific touch is transduced by Merkel’s disks?

A

discriminative touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of specific touch is transduced by Ruffini’s endings?

A

skin stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 Cutaneous receptor specific for Vibration?

A

1) Meissner’s corpuscles

2) Pacinian corpuscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of vibration do Meissner’s corpuscles have highest sensitivity?

A

highest sensitivity / lowest threshold for lower frequencies of about 50 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of vibration do Pacinian corpuscles have highest sensitivity?

A

highest sensitivity / lowest threshold for higher frequencies of about 300 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of receptors transduce the signal for pain and temperature?

A

Free nerve endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of free nerve endings for prickling pain and burning pain?

A
  • pricking pain by rapidly adapting mechano-sensitive or thermo-sensitive receptors,
  • burning pain by slowly adapting polymodal receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of free nerve endings for Temperature?

A

Cold and warm receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of receptors transduce proprioception (position sense)?

A

Proprioceptors:

Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are muscle spindles found?

A

Embedded in extrafusal fibers of working musculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of receptor are the primary receptor of muscle spindle ?

A

Rapidly adapting receptor with a 1a afferent fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which receptor for deep tendon reflex(myotatic reflex)?

A

Ia afferent fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of receptor is the secondary receptor of a muscle spindle?

A

slowly adapting receptor class II afferent fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of info does the primary muscle spindle fiber (1a)transduce?

A

Stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of info does the secondary muscle spindle fiber (class II) transduce?

A

Muscle length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where are golgi tendon organs located?

A

border between muscle and tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of receptor is the golgi afferent fiber?

A

1b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do the 1b fiber form?

A

afferent limb of inverse myotatic reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Afferent fibers from proprioceptors form which important pathways to the cerebellum ?

A

dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts (don’t reach consciousness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Somatosensory receptors use four different fiber types:

A

1) Large myelinated fibers (muscle 1 and cutaneous A alpha)
2) medium myelinated fibers (muscle II and cutaneous A beta)
3) small myelinated fibers (muscle III and cutaneous A delta)
4) unmyelinated fibers (muscle IV and cutaneous C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Size and conduction velocity of Large and medium myelinated fibers

A

diameters : up to 20 μm

conduction velocities : up to 120 m/sec

27
Q

What type of receptors use Large and medium myelinated fibers?

A

cutaneous mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors

28
Q

What type of sensory info do Large and medium myelinated fibers carry?

A

touch, vibration and proprioception

29
Q

Size and conduction velocity of small myelinated fibers

A

diameters: about 1 μm

conduction velocities : 5 m/sec

30
Q

Size and conduction velocity of unmyelinated fibers

A

diameter: 0.2 and 1.5 μm

conduction velocities: from about 0.5 to about 2 m/sec.

31
Q

What type of sensory info do small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers carry?

A

pain and temperature

32
Q

Between which vertebrae does the T1 spinal nerve emerge?

A

btw T1 and T2

33
Q

At what level does the spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2

34
Q

The sensory and motor nerve roots that are below L1/L2 form the___________

A

cauda equina

35
Q

Dermatome for back of the head

A

C2

36
Q

Dermatome for thumb

A

C6

37
Q

Dermatome for Middle finger

A

C7

38
Q

Dermatome for Little finger

A

C8

39
Q

Dermatome for Nipple line

A

T4

40
Q

Dermatome for Umbilicus

A

T10

41
Q

Dermatome for Groin

A

L1

42
Q

Dermatome for big toe

A

L5

43
Q

Dermatome for Little toe

A

S1

44
Q

Which pathway carries Touch, vibration and proprioception ?

A

the dorsal column/ medial lemniscus system

45
Q

Which pathway carries Pain and Temperature?

A

anterolateral system (aka spinothalamic tract)

46
Q

Describe the pathway of fibers going in the Dorsal column/medial lemniscus system.

A

Fibers of the dorsal root ganglion neurons => enter the dorsal column => ascend within this white matter tract(cuneate and gracile fasciculus) => to the medulla => synapse in the nuclei of the dorsal columns (cuneate and gracile nucleus).

47
Q

Fibers that ascend in the cuneate fasciculus originate from________

A

Upper extremities

48
Q

Fibers that ascend in the Gracile fasciculus originate from________

A

Lower extremities

49
Q

Describe the 2 pathways of afferent pain and temp. fibers for Anterolateral system

A

1) Anterolateral tract:
Enter the spinal cord segments via the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves => central axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons => synapse within the dorsal horn => axons of the second order neurons cross to the contralateral side through the anterior white commissure => ascend in the ALS fiber tract of the spinal cord (white matter)

2) Collateral fibers also go up the dorsolateral tract -Lissauer’s Tract

50
Q

Where are pain and temp second order fibers from the arm ascend in the anterolateral column?

A

Medially

51
Q

Where are pain and temp second order fibers from the leg ascend in the anterolateral column?

A

laterally

52
Q

Where does Lissauer’s tract go?

A

collaterals of the primary afferent fibers may ascend (or descend) one or two segments in the dorsolateral fasciculus
- divergent fibers that synapse on multiple neurons

53
Q

What virus does Shingles originate from?

A

Herpes zoster

54
Q

Describe the symptoms of shingles

A

painful skin irritations in the dermatomal area innervated by the related ganglion

55
Q

Where does the herpes zoster virus stay when latent?

A

in dorsal root ganglion cells or trigeminal ganglion cells

56
Q

What is Brown Sequard Syndrome?

A

Hemisection of the spinal cord as a result of a slow growing
mass, or a traumatic lesion interrupting ascending and descending fibers on one side of the cord causing both sensory and motor losses

57
Q

Key sensory finding in Brown Sequard syndrome

A

Touch, vibration and proprioception are lost on one side of the body, whereas pain and temperature are lost on the other side of the body

58
Q

What are the sensory findings AT the level of the lesion in Brown Sequard syndrome?

A 
Ipsilateral side (lesion side): Loss of all 5 somatosensory 
                                               modalities
Contralateral side: none are lost
59
Q

What are the sensory findings BELOW the level of the lesion in Brown Sequard syndrome?

A

Ipsilateral side (lesion side): loss of touch, vibration and
proprioception (which started at
the level of the lesion)
continues through all
dermatomes below
Contralateral side: pain and temperature sensations are all
lost except one or two segments that
may be spared due to Lissauer’s tract

60
Q

Which tract is found in the Lateral column?

A

Corticospinal Tract

61
Q

What is Syringomyelia?

A

pathologic enlargement of the central canal of the spinal cord, that interrupts the fibers of the anterior commisure

62
Q

What are the sensory losses AT the level of the lesion in Syringomyelia?

A

Bilateral: Loss of only Pain and temp

63
Q

What are the sensory losses Below the level of the lesion in Syringomyelia?

A

Bilateral: No losses

Neuroscience (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions