Module 9: Plant Reproductive Structures Flashcards
is the reproductive organ of a plant
flower
as the sexual organ, provides ways to ensure the pollination and
fertilization of the egg.
flower
results in the embryonic plant
fertilization
stores food for the
embryonic plant and becomes the seed
ovule
matures and becomes the fruit
ovary
This nutrient reserve or food may
be stored outside the embryo as ________ (like in corn) or be absorbed by the
developing embryo into large fleshy _______ (like the bean).
endosperm, cotyledon
two types of seeds
endospermous or albuminous seed and the exendospermous or exalbuminous seed.
are modified leaves that encase the rest of the developing flower. These may be either green and leaflike or composed of petal-like tissue.
Sepals (collective term: calyx)
are modified leaves that serve to
attract pollinators.
Petals (collective term: corolla)
consist of sac-like anthers and filaments
Stamen and Pollen (collective term: androecium)
which are stalks that support
the anthers
filaments
consist of two sacs, each of which contains two
microsporangia.
anthers
Meiosis occurs in microspore mother cells
microsporangia,
each microspore mother cell produces
micropores
Each microspore becomes
becomes a pollen grain or microgametophyte
is composed
of carpels, which fuse to form the case of ovules
pistil
collective term for pistils and carpel
gynoecium
The three regions
of the pistil are
ovary, style, and stigma
where the
ovules are found.
ovary
In each ___, meiosis occurs in a megaspore
mother cell producing four megaspores
ovule
In each ovule, meiosis occurs in a megaspore
mother cell producing four megaspores. Three of these disintegrate,
leaving a functional megaspore, which divides mitotically to produce
an __________
embryo sac or megagametophyte.
The ovary is divided into chambers
locules
is the stalk atop the ovary that elevates into a stigma
style
pattern of ovule attachment and distribution in an ovary is called
placentation
five basic types of placentation
- axile
- basal
- marginal
- parietal
- free central
ovules are borne on placentae on the central axis of a compound ovary
axile
has a single ovule that is almost at the
base of the ovary
basal
the ovule is borne along the fused margins of the placenta of a single ovary
marginal
ovules are born in placentae located on the inner surface of the outer wall of the ovary.
parietal
ovules are borne on placentae on a free, central column within an ovary that has only one locule.
free central
what was the two prepared slide of cross sections
lily ovary and anther
flowerused and observed in the dissecting microscope.
hibiscus sp.
flowers with four basic parts
complete
flowers in which at least one part is absent
incomplete
flowers containing male and female parts
perfect
flowers containing just one sex to having no sexual part (sterile)
imperfect
female and male flowers are located on separate plants
Dioecious
female and male flowers are located on the same plant
monoecious
flowers can occur singly or aggregate
Inflorescence
which is divisible on more than one axis into two equal halves that are mirror images of each other.
Radial (regular/actinomorphic) symmetry
the flower is distinctly divisible into right and left sides; that is divisible into mirror images on only one axis
Bilateral (irregular/zygomorphic) symmetry
There are four types of bilateral symmetry
bilabiate, caesalpiniaceous,
orchidaceous, and papillionaceous
flower with a superior ovary is such that the stamens, petals, and sepals arise from a level below the base of the ovary.
Hypogynous
the flower has a superior ovary, but the bases of the stamens, petals, and sepals develop as a floral cup around the pistil.
perigynous
is inferior because the stamen, petals, and sepals arise from a level that is above the base of the ovary.
Epigynous
are sunflowers, daisies and chrysanthemums.
Flowers of composites (Asteraceae family)
including rice have flowers highly modified in comparison with the ones seen so far
Flowers of the grasses (Poaceae family)
Individual grass
flower, the ______, is enveloped by a pair of bracts or modified leaves
floret
The outer and larger bract is termed the ___ and the inner and smaller one is called the ____.
lemma, palea
encloses the stamens and the pistil.
palea
A group of florets is called
spikelet`
At the base of each spikelet is a pair of modified leaves called
glumes
A group of spikelets makes up an
inflorescence
derived from one ovary of one flower
simple fruit
from several ovaries of one
flower
aggregate fruit
derived from a cluster of several ovaries from several flowers crowded together on one stem
Multiple fruits
the pericarp is fleshy throughout
berry
type of berry with hard rind
pepo
a type of berry with leathery rind
hesperidium
one-seeded fruit with the pericarp distinctly divided into thin skin-like exocarp, thick fleshy mesocarp, and hard, stony endocarp
Drupe
fruit with papery pericarp
pome
split open along definite seams when matured and may contain several or many seeds.
dehiscent fruits
has one carpel and splits along two seams
Legume/pod
has one carpel and splits along one
seam
follicle
fruit of two or more united carpels
and splits in a variety of ways.
capsule
fruit of two fused carpels that separate, leaving a persistent wall between them
Silique
do not open along definite seams
or points when mature. These usually contain only one or two seeds.
Indehiscent fruits
one seeded the coat of which is
completely fused to the inner surface of the pericarp
grain
one seed can be separated from the
ovary wall except at point of attachment to the inside of the pericarp.
achene
an achene-like fruit with wing-like outgrowth
samara
one seeded fruit similar to achene but with a very hard and thick pericarp.
nut
is essentially without endosperm at maturity
bean sead
produces this seed is the fruit of the bean plant.
bean pod
outer covering of the seed
seed coat
small elliptical scar along the concave edge of the seed
hilum
small hole at the end of a seed
micropyle
At the other end of the hilum
is the ______, a small groove extending to the chalaza, the point where the integuments are attached to the ovule.
raphe
The structure found within the seed coat
embryo
The two fleshy structures which constitute most of the volume of the seed
cotyledons
a miniature plant made up of two miniature leaves and a small axis: attached at the end of the cotyledon
embryo
tiny leaves
epicotyl
little axis of the embryo
hypocotyl
external covering of corn grain is the wall of the ovary or the
pericarp
bulk of the interior tissue of a corn seed
endosperms
he cotyledon in corn is also known as
scutellum
In corn and other monocots, the ________ is reduced to a small mass of tissue, which never assumes the shape or function of a photosynthetic leaf on the developing seedling
cotyledon
