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BIOL111LA > Module 3: Plant Cell Structure > Flashcards

Module 3: Plant Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

organisms which are made up of large and complex cells

A

eukaryotes

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2
Q

organisms which are made up of small and simple cells.

A

prokaryotes

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3
Q

is rectangular and comparatively larger than the animal cell

A

plant cell

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4
Q

What Makes Plant Cell Unique?

A
  • plant cells have cell wall
  • plant cells contain vacuoles
  • plant cells contain chloroplasts
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5
Q

provides strength and support to the plant and is mainly made up of cellulose and lignin

A

cell wall

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6
Q

cell wall main chemical component

A

cellulose

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7
Q

other components in a cell wall

A

lignin, suberin, cutin

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8
Q

living component of cells

A

protoplasm

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9
Q

the protoplasm is organized into protoplasmic bodies called

A

organelles

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10
Q

2 main regions of the protoplast:

A

cytoplasm (outer)
nucleus (inner)

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11
Q

bounded by protoplasmic membrane where most organelles are mosty found

A

cytoplasm

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12
Q

round, oval, or irregularly shaped inclusions. its function is to faciliate light collection, conversion of energy and its storage

A

plastids

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13
Q

green plastids

A

chloroplasts

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14
Q

colored plastids

A

chromoplasts

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15
Q

takes up more than 30%-80% of the cells. it helps to support the cell because the liquid inside exerts an outward pressure on the cell.

A

vacuoles

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16
Q

organelle responsible for harnessing energy from the sun and storing it in chemical bonds of sugar to use later

A

chloroplasts

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17
Q

chloroplasts contain this green pigment that gives leaves their color and absorbs light energy.

A

chlorophyll

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18
Q

The specialized plant cells include:

A
  1. parenchyma cells
  2. sclerenchyma cells
  3. collenchyma cells
  4. xylem cells
  5. phloem cells
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19
Q

hard or rigid cells, which play a primary role in providing support to the plants when there is restraining growth in a plant due to lack of hardening agent in primary walls.

A

Collenchyma Cells

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20
Q

these cells are more rigid compared to collenchyma cells and this is because of the presence of a hardening agent. These cells are usually found in all plant roots and mainly involved in providing support to the plants.

A

Sclerenchyma Cells

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21
Q

what color do collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells stain in prepared slides?

A

stain red

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22
Q

A common type of sclerenchyma cell

A

fiber and sclereids or stone cells

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23
Q

play a significant role in all plants. They are the living cells of plants, which are involved in the production of leaves. They are also involved in the exchange of gases, production of food, storage of organic products and cell metabolism. These cells are typically more flexible than others because they are thinner.

A

Parenchyma Cells

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24
Q

transport cells in vascular plants. They help in the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and other parts of the plants

A

Xylem Cells

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25
Q

they transport food prepared by the leaves to different parts of the plants.

A

Phloem Cells

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26
Q

onion scientific name

A

Allium cepa

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27
Q

digman leaf

A

Hydrilla verticillata

28
Q

tomato

A

Solanum lycopersicum

29
Q

potato

A

Solanum tuberosum

30
Q

bangka-bangkaan

A

Tradescantia spathacea

31
Q

dumbcane

A

Dieffenbachia sp.

32
Q

alikbangon

A

Commelina

33
Q

banana

A

Musa paradisiaca

34
Q

mayana

A

Plectranthus scutellariodes

35
Q

kangkong

A

Ipomea aquatica

36
Q

santan

A

Ixora sp

37
Q

mongo

A

Phaseolus vulgaris

38
Q

patola

A

Luffa acutangula

39
Q

coconut husk

A

Cocos nucifera

40
Q

solution used to stain onion specimen

A

iodine

41
Q

what specimen is used to examine living green cells?

A

Hydrilla verticillata (digman)

42
Q

what specimen is used to examine coloured bodies in a cell?

A

tomato

43
Q

what specimen is used to examine vacuoles and its content in a cell?

A

Tradescanthia spathacea (bangka-bangkaan)

44
Q
  • thin cell walls and the protoplast is alive at maturity
  • various functions such as making food, storing food, or developing into other specialized functions.
A

Parenchyma cells

45
Q

parenchyma specimens:

A
  • Musa paradisiaca
  • Dieffenbachia sp.
  • Commelina sp.
46
Q
  • found in groups along the sides of the young stems or in the stalk or midrib of leaves
  • unevenly thickened cell walls
  • The protoplast is alive at
    maturity
  • The cells are also somewhat elongated.
  • most of them function for support and for strength of a young plant
A

Collenchyma cells

47
Q

collenchyma specimens:

A
  • Plectranthus scutellarioides
  • Ipomea aquatica
  • Ixora sp.
48
Q

have very thick walls and differ from the first two types of cells because these cells die at maturity.

A

Sclerenchyma cells

49
Q

sclerenchyma specimens:

A
  • mongo seed coat
  • Luffa fibers
  • coconut husk
50
Q

the thick alls of sclerenchyma cells are impregnated with?

A

lignin

51
Q

These cells usually function for transport of water and for support. Some cells also protect the more delicate parts of the plant.

A

Sclerenchyma cells

52
Q

nonprotoplasmic structures within the protoplasm

A

inclusions

53
Q

vacuoles is also called

A

cell sap

54
Q

vacuoles contain:

A

disssolved substances (anthocyanin) and metabolites (sugars, inorganic salts, organic acid, alkaloids)

55
Q

waste product of vacuoles that enables plants to protect themselves from heavy metal accumulation in their tissues. It also helps deter plant-eating animals from consuming them.

A

crystals

56
Q

different types of crystal formation in cells:

A
  • raphides (needle-like)
  • prismatic (prism-like/pyramid)
  • rosette (aggregate/flower-like)
  • crystolith (grape-like)
57
Q

Crystals may be composed of:

A

calcium oxalate or calcium carbonate

58
Q

what part of the cells becomes visible after the addition of iodine solution stain?

A

nucleus

59
Q

function of the nucleus?

A

storing genetic information and acts as the control center of cellular activities

60
Q

What is the cementing substance between cells called? What is the chemical composition of this substance?

A

middle lamella. primarily made of pectin.

61
Q

What are the green round bodies that you see in Hydrilla verticillata?

A

chloroplasts

62
Q

Is the nucleus visible among the green bodies? Why or why not?

A

it is present but hard to see because the cell membrane is thin and transparent and chlorophyll hides other organelles

63
Q

three types of plastids

A

leukoplasts, chloroplasts, chromoplasts

64
Q

colorless plastids

A

leukoplasts

65
Q

How do stain facilitate the study of cells?

A

enhances visibility

BIOL111LA (8 decks)

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