Module 8: Plant Vegetative Structures

Question 1

are a group of flowering plants whose seeds typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or
cotyledon.

Answer 1

Monocots

Question 2

The single seed leaf that provides nutrients to the developing seedling.

Answer 2

Cotyledon:

Question 3

A tissue that surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of
starch, proteins, and oils.

Answer 3

Endosperm

Question 4

The young plant itself

Answer 4

Embryo

Question 5

The part of the embryo that develops into the root.

Answer 5

Radicle

Question 6

The part that develops into the shoot,
consisting of the epicotyl and
young leaves.

Answer 6

Plumule

Question 7

The outer protective layer of the seed that shields the embryo and endosperm from damage and drying out.

Answer 7

Seed Coat

Question 8

Monocot Plants characteristics:
● venation in leaves
● root system
● Floral parts
● vascular bundles
● cotyledon in seeds

Answer 8

● Parallel venation in leaves
● Fibrous root system
● Floral parts in multiples of three
● Scattered vascular bundles
● Single cotyledon in seeds

Question 9

are a group of flowering plants whose seeds typically contain two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.

Answer 9

Dicot

Question 10

The stem-like part below the cotyledons

Answer 10

Hypocotyl

Question 11

The stem-like part above the cotyledons, which will develop into the shoot.

Answer 11

Epicotyl

Question 12

This provides additional nourishment for the developing seedling (though in many dicots, the endosperm is
absorbed by the cotyledons).

Answer 12

Endosperm

Question 13

Dicot Plants Characteristics:
● venation in leaves
● root system
● Floral parts
● vascular bundles
● cotyledon in seeds

Answer 13

● Reticulate venation in leaves
● Taproot system
● Floral parts in multiples of four or
five
● Vascular bundles in a ring
● Two cotyledons in seeds

Question 14

Roots that have adapted to perform
functions other than the typical root
functions of anchorage and absorption

Answer 14

Modified Roots

Question 15

Function: Store nutrients

Answer 15

storage roots

Question 16

Function: Absorb moisture from air

Answer 16

aerial roots

Question 17

Function: Provide support

Answer 17

prop roots

Question 18

Carrots, beets

Answer 18

storage roots

Question 19

orchids, banyan trees

Answer 19

aerial roots

Question 20

mangroves, corns

Answer 20

prop roots

Question 21

Swollen structures that store food and water.

Answer 21

tuberous root

Question 22

Sweet potatoes, dahlias

Answer 22

tuberous roots e.g.

Question 23

Large, central, and dominant roots that grow directly downward

Answer 23

taproot

Question 24

taproot e.g.

Answer 24

Carrots, beets, radishes

Question 25

Formed by thin, moderately branching roots growing from the stem.

Answer 25

fibrous roots

Question 26

fibrous roots e.g.

Answer 26

grass species like wheat and corn
(though primarily for support, some can also store nutrients).

Question 27

Roots that grow from any part of the plant other than the root zone, often capable of storing nutrients.

Answer 27

adventitious roots

Question 28

adventitious roots e.g.

Answer 28

Cassava, some varieties of yams

Question 29

Stems that have adapted to perform
specialized functions.

Answer 29

modified stems

Question 30

adapted for propagate and spreading

Answer 30

sub-aerial

Question 31

sub-aerial e.g.

Answer 31

Strawberry plants, spider plants.

Question 32

stem tubers e.g.

Answer 32

potato, yam

Question 33

Underground stems that store food and facilitate vegetative reproduction

Answer 33

rhizomes

Question 34

rhizomes e.g.

Answer 34

ginger, turmeric

Question 35

Storage of food and vegetative reproduction. Consist of a short stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases.

Answer 35

bulbs

Question 36

bulb e.g.

Answer 36

onions, garlic

Question 37

Storage of food. Similar to bulbs but with a more solid structure

Answer 37

corms

Question 38

corms e.g.

Answer 38

crocus, gladiolus

Question 39

Horizontal stems that grow along the soil surface and produce new plants at the nodes.

Answer 39

stolons (runners)

Question 39

Photosynthesis; often resemble leaves.

Answer 39

cladodes

Question 39

stolons e.g.

Answer 39

strawberry, spider plant

Question 40

cladodes e.g.

Answer 40

asparagus, some cacti

Question 41

Protection against herbivores.

Answer 41

thorns

Question 42

thorns e.g.

Answer 42

citrus trees, hawthorn

Question 43

modified stems

Answer 43

1. tubers
2. rhizomes
3. bulbs
4. corms
5. stolons
6. cladodes
7. thorns

Question 44

modified leaves:

Answer 44

1. tendrils
2. spines
3. storage leaves
4. bracts
5. insectivorous leaves

Question 45

Support and climbing.

Answer 45

tendrils

Question 46

tendrils e.g.

Answer 46

Pea plants, grapevines

Question 47

Protection against herbivores, reducing water loss.

Answer 47

spines

Question 48

spines e.g.

Answer 48

cacti, holly

Question 49

storage leaves

Answer 49

Onion bulbs, aloe vera

Question 50

Attract pollinators, often mistaken for petals.

Answer 50

bracts

Question 51

Poinsettias, bougainvillea

Answer 51

bracts

Question 52

Trap and digest insects to obtain nutrients.

Answer 52

Insectivorous Leaves