Module 9: Enzymatic Reactions Flashcards
Test 3
What are the 6 types of reactions?
- Acid/base
- substitution
- elimation
- Addition
- REDOX
- isomerization
What do all reactions require?
A nucleophile and an electrophile
What do catalyst do?
Increase the rate of a reaction by lowering energy of activation (amount of energy needed for reaction)
What does spontaneity consist of?
Entropy (disorder)
Enthalpy (energy)
Temperature
If Delta(G) is ______ then the reaction is spontaneous and doesn’t need a catalyst.
negative
If Delta(G) is ______ then the reaction is not spontaneous and needs a catalyst.
positive
What are the 2 types of Acid/Base reactions?
Bronsted-Lowry
Lewis-Acids
Describe Acid/Base Reactions
Bronsted-Lowry: Will have Hydrogens
Will have a (+) Acids or (-) Base ion as the products
Lewis acids: Deals with electrons
–Will have a cation and anion interacting as products
Describe Substitution reactions
USES: ATP/ADP/GTP/GDP
-Replacing a H on an aromatic ring
-adding a nucleophile to an electrophile
-adding carbonyl contains group to sulfonate/phosphonate group
Describe Elimination reactions
Removing something
Normally results in a Double bond
Describe Addition reactions
Adding something
normally results in an alcohol
Describe REDOX reactions
USES: NADH/NAD
Increase in O/N bonds
Decrease in H bonds
Decrease in O/N bonds
Increase in H bonds
Describe Isomerization reaction
All same items
a section is just repositioned
What is the suffix for an enzyme?
-ase
What does a cofactor do?
Non-protein
Binds to enzymes to active it to allow substrates to bind to the enzyme
What are some inorganic cofactors?
Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Mb
What are organic cofactors?
Derived from vitamins
What enzyme is for substitution?
transferase
What enzyme is for elimination?
Lyase
What enzyme is for addition?
Ligase
What enzyme is for isomerization?
isomerase
What enzyme is for REDOX?
oxidoreductase
What enzyme is for Acyl substitution?
Hydrolase
