Module 4: Intermolecular Forces Flashcards
Test 2
What is intermolecular forces?
Attractions that occur BETWEEN atoms, molecules, and ions due to their proximity
Not covalently bonded
What are INTRAmolecular forces?
Covalent bonds
What does a bond tell you?
How the drug is interacting with the receptor
Blue =
Nitrogen
Yellow =
Sulfur
red =
oxygen
black =
carbon
Is O2 an intermolecular or intramolecular force?
INTRAmolecular
Are 2 H2O molecules intermolecular or intramolecular?
Intermolecular
T/F: Intermolecular forces are stronger than intramolecular forces
F
Why do intermolecular forces APPEAR stronger?
Normally d/t the larger number of interactions
There has to be a ________ to have an intermolecular force
closeness
What are partial charges?
Not an actual charge
d/t unequal sharing of electrons
What does Delta + mean?
Partial positive charge (No or less electrons)
What does Delta - mean?
Partial negative charge (More electrons)
What happens when there is a partial negative and a partial positive charge in a molecule?
A dipole-dipole bond is formed
What is a dipole polar bond? vs a non polar?
polar: Unequal sharing of electrons
non polar: equal sharing of electrons
How does the arrow point in the dipole dipole bonds?
Towards the more electronegative
Towards the Delta (-)
Towards more electrons
T/F: If the distance is wide there can still be intermolecular forces
F
The distance between intermolecular forces is very ______
small
The _______ the atoms the ________ the bond
closer
stronger
T/F: The stronger the attractive forces between particles, the more they resist moving.
T
Name your nonpolar bonds
C–C
C–H
Name your polar bonds
C–O
C–N
C–S
C–F
C–Cl
C–Br
C–I
H–O
H–N
H–S
P–O
What is the electronegativity of a nonpolar bond?
if the difference in electronegativity is < 0.5 between bonded atoms
What is the electronegativity of a polar bond?
if the difference in electronegativity is greater than 1 between bonded atoms
T/F: Strong intermolecular forces will not break apart?
F
Where does the partial negative charge reside?
the more electronegative atom
What is surface tension?
Liquid’s resistance to increase its surface area
How does surface tension relate to intermolecular forces?
The stronger the intermolecular forces the more energy required to increase surface area
How many drops of water can you put on a penny?
Over 100
d/t surface tension
What is capillary action?
Spontaneous rising of a liquid in a narrow tube or the movement of a liquid up a piece of paper against the pull of gravity
What is capillary action due to?
cohesive and adhesive forces
What is viscosity?
Measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow
thickness of liquid
Increased viscosity means a liquid doesn’t pour as ______
easily
With _______ viscosity you increase the amount of energy needed to get through the fluid.
increased
increased hemaocrit =
increased viscosity
T/F: The bigger the atom the more potential for more intermolecular force interactions
T
T/F: Drugs bind receptors through intermolecular forces rather than chemical bonds
T
The way the drug binds to the receptor determines what?
Efficacy, potency, toxicity
T/F: Phase changes to different phases of matter are not affected by intermolecular forces?
F
They are directly impacted by them
What does the phase change graph show?
The changes in the different phases of matter with respect to temperature and pressure
_______ is required to disrupt molecular interactions and lead to changes in the state of matter
energy
T/F: Changes is phases (state of matter) break chemical bonds
F
They do not break chemical bonds
When you _______ the temperature you add more energy
increase
Substances with ________ polarity will be soluble
Similar
______ dissolves _______
Like dissolves like
What are the weakest to strongest bonds?
Van der Waals Forces
Dipole-Dipole Interactions
Hydrogen Bonding
Ion-Dipole
Electrostatic Interactions
Covalent Bonds
What are the bonds from strongest to weakest?
Covalent Bonds
Electrostatic Interactions
Ion-Dipole
Hydrogen Bonding
Dipole-Dipole Interactions
Van der Waals Forces
What is Van der Waals Forces?
non polar dipole
Easily broken
weakest intermolecular forces
What is another name for Van der Waals?
London Dispersion
Describe Dipole-Dipole interactions
Polar Dipole
Relatively strong
Describe Hydrogen bonding
Strong and specialized dipole-dipole bond
Between hydrogen donor and hydrogrn acceptors
What is a hydrogen donor?
Molecule providing the H
**Molecule with a H
What is a hydrogen acceptor?
Molecule that attracts the hydrogen
N, O, F
Describe Ion-Dipole
a very strong interaction between a full formal charge and a dipole
The partial charge in O in water dissolving a dissociated Na molecule is considered?
Ion-Dipole
Describe Electrostatic interactions
Between the cationic and anionic portion of 2 NON METALS
2 non metals that have actual formal charges
Can exist at larger distances
Can hold alot longer
occur less often
Describe Covalent bonds
Strongest
Limited reversibility
Seldom formed
INTRAmolecular forces
