Module 2 Flashcards
What are the names of the 3 formula types?
Empirical
Molecular
Structural
What is the empirical formula? Give an example.
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
Ex) C2H3 (4-C and 6-H but simplified ratio)
What is the molecular formula? Give an example.
Exact number of each atom in a compound
Ex) C4H6
What is the structural formula? What makes this formula different?
This shows the structure of the atoms. You are able to see exactly how many atoms of each element are present, where they are located, and how they are bonded.
What is the general order formula for organic compounds?
CHXNOS
X = Halogens
What is the general order formula for non organic compounds?
The less electric atoms are listed first
What are atomic elements? What is an example.
They exist in nature with single atoms
Au/Ag
What are molecular elements? What is an example.
Elements that exist in nature as a molecule (not a single atom)
Ex) O2
What is a Diatomic?
Molecule that has 2 atoms
What is a polyatomic?
Molecule that has more than 2 atoms
What are the two types of compounds? and why is it important to know how to differentiate between them?
Molecular and Ionic (Monatomic and polyatomic)
It is important to know how to differentiate between the 2 because the naming for these types of compounds are different
What is a molecular compound?
Consists of 2 or more nonmetals
What is a ionic compound?
Consist of a metal and a nonmetal (cation - and anion +)
In an Ionic compound formula, the charges must always _______
cancel
What are the predictable charges?
Group 1: +1
Group 2: +2
Group 17: -1
Group 16: -2
Group 15: -3
Al+3
Zn+2
Ag+1
What is the chemical formula for the compounds formed:
Sodium and Bromine
Lithium and Sulfur
Magnesium and Nitrogen
-NaBr
-Li 2 S
-Mg 3 N 2
How do you name Binary Compounds?
- Has to be 2 predictable ions
- Name of metal + Base name of nonmetal -ide
Name the following compounds:
LiC2H3O2
Mg(OH)2
Al2(SO4)3
BaCr2O7
Lithium acetate
Magnesium hydroxide
Aluminum sulfate
Barium dichromate
How do you name compounds with polyatomic ions?
Metal + polyatomic ion
What is the formula used in finding the cation charge in compounds with transition metals?
Cation charge = -(anion subscript)(anion charge) / (cation subscript)
How is the charge on the cation indicated with transition metals?
Roman numerals
Name the compounds:
CrBr3
FeO
Fe2O3
Chromium (III) bromide
Iron (II) oxide
Iron (III) oxide
What is binary molecular compounds naming with?
2 non metals
How do you name a binary molecular compound?
Prefix+name of first element prefix+base name of second element -ide
Mono
1
Di
2
Tri
3
Tetra
4
Penta
5
Hexa
6
Hepta
7
Octa
8
Nona
9
Deca
10
Name the compounds:
NI3
PCl5
P4S10
N2O5
Nitrogen triiodide
Phosphorous pentachloride
tetraphosphorous decasulfide
dinitrogen pentaoxide
T/F: We reduce subscripts on molecular formulas to the nearest whole number
False; we do not reduce
How do you identify and name a binary acid?
H + anion (non metal)
No oxygen present
Hydro + base name -ic
How do you identify and name an oxoacid?
H + oxyanion (polyatomic anion containing an oxygen)
-ate = base name -ic acid
-ite = base name +ous acid
What acid can dissolve a body or gold?
Chloric acid
Name the following acids:
HC2H3O2
HNO2
H3PO4
H2CrO4
Acetic acid
Nitrous acid
Phosporic acid
Chromic acid
Provide the chemical formula for the compounds
Tin (IV) Sulfate
Triphosphorous pentaiodide
Sodium sulfate
Perchloric acid
Sn(SO4)2
P3I5
Na2SO4
HClO4
