Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry 2024 > Module 9: Enzymatic Reactions > Flashcards

Module 9: Enzymatic Reactions Flashcards

Exam 3

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nucleophile

A

electron rich species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The following are examples of ________
anions, heteroatoms with lone pair electrons, alkenes, alkynes

A

nucleophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Electrophile

A

electron poor species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The following are examples of _______
carbocations, carbonyl groups, alkenes, alkynes

A

electrophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do catalysts do and how do they work?

A

increase the rate at which the reaction occurs by lowering the activation energy (Ea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bronsted-Lowry donors are ______ and acceptors are ______

A

acid, base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which acid/base type is focused on protons?

A

Bronsted-Lowry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which acid/base type is focused on electrons?

A

Lewis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lewis donors are ______ and acceptors are ______

A

base, acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A Bronsted-Lowry ____ always be described as a Lewis acid or base

A

can

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A Lewis acid/base ____ always always be described as a Bronsted-Lowry acid or base

A

can’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which reaction type includes the addition of an electron rich species (nucleophile) to an electron poor species (electrophile)

A

Nucleophilic Substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which reaction type includes addition of an electron rich species (nucleophile) to a carbonyl containing group (esters, amides, and carboxylic acids), sulfonate group, or phosphate group.

A

acyl substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which reaction type includes substitution of a hydrogen on an aromatic ring with another group (not oxygen or nitrogen)

A

aromatic substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which reaction type transfers protons from one species to another?

A

Acid/base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which reaction type switches one group for another?

A

Substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which reaction type removes a group completely from the molecule?

A

Elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which reaction type adds a group to the molecule?

A

Addition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which reaction type changes the oxidation state of a group on a molecule?

A

REDOX

20
Q

Which reaction type rearranges groups within the same molecule?

A

Isomerization

21
Q

Biological catalysts are called _____

A

enzymes

22
Q

Enzymes ______ degrade over time

A

don’t

23
Q

REDOX reactions: oxidation

A
  • Increase in the number of bonds to O or N
  • Decrease in the number of bonds to H
24
Q

REDOX reactions: reduction

A
  • Decrease in the number of bonds to O or N
  • Increase in the number of bonds to H
25
Q

Enzymes are characterized by what 3 things?

A
  • Efficiency – work better than typical chemical catalysts
  • Specificity – specific for individual chemical processes
  • Regulation – adaptive to different metabolic/environmental conditions
26
Q

Enzymes are large ______

A

proteins

27
Q

____ are the non-protein component required to allow an enzyme to perform its role

A

Cofactors

28
Q

______ bind within enzyme to promote enzymatic processes

A

Cofactors

29
Q

What are the 2 types of cofactors?

A
  • Inorganic Ions – Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Mb
  • Organic (Coenzymes) – typically derived from vitamins
30
Q

What are the 6 enzyme classes?

A

Transferase
Hydrolase
Oxidoreductase
Lyase
Ligase
Isomerase

31
Q

Enzymes that transfer functional groups

A

Transferase

32
Q

Enzymes that break bonds using water (hydrolysis)

A

Hydrolase

33
Q

Enzymes that catalyze REDOX reactions

A

Oxidoreductases

34
Q

Enzymes that catalyze elimination reactions (not hydrolysis or REDOX)

A

Lyase

35
Q

Enzymes that join two molecules together

A

Ligase

36
Q

Enzymes that promote structural shifts (intramolecular group transfer)

A

Isomerase

37
Q

What are the 6 reaction types?

A

Acid/base
Substitution
Elimination
Addition
REDOX
Isomerization

38
Q

Transferase reaction

A

Substitution

39
Q

Hydrolase reaction

A

Acyl substitution

40
Q

Oxidoreductase reaction

A

REDOX

41
Q

Lyase reaction

A

Elimination

42
Q

Ligase reaction

A

Addition

43
Q

Isomerase reaction

A

Isomerization

44
Q

Spontaneity is determined by

A

entropy, enthalpy, temperature

45
Q

(+) delta G is ______, while (-) delta G is _______

A

(+) non-spontaneous
(-) spontaneous

Chemistry 2024 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions