Module 2 - ionic and molecular nomenclature Flashcards
What is the order to write organic formulas?
CHXNOS
Empirical formula
Simplest whole number ratio of the atoms found in a compound (ex. CH)
Molecular formula
Exact number of each type of atom found in a compound (ex. C6H6)
Structural formula
Exact number of each type of atom found in a compound and exact manner in which those atoms are bound together
Write the empirical and molecular formulas for Naphthalene:
Empirical: C5H4
Molecular: C10H8
Write the empirical and molecular formulas for Etomidate:
Empirical: C7H8NO
Molecular: C14H16N2O2
Exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units
Atomic elements (Na, Mg, Ag, Au)
- most elements exist this way
Exist in nature as molecules (one or more atom combined together)
Molecular elements
Polyatomic vs diatomic elements
Polyatomic - many atoms (P4, S8)
Diatomic - 2 atoms (H2, N2)
Monatomic vs polyatomic compounds
Monatomic - ion of one atom (Cl-, O2-, N3-)
Polyatomic - ion of multiple elements (SO42-)
Molecular compounds
composed of two or more nonmetals
Ionic compounds
composed of a cation (metal) and an anion (nonmetal)
What is a compound
A substance made of two or more different atoms chemically bonded together
Molecular compounds and molecular elements differ in that
Molecular elements contain only one type of atom (H2)
Molecular compounds contain atoms from different elements (H2O)
How do you name binary ionic compounds?
Name of cation (metal) + base name of anion (nonmetal) + -ide
ex. CaO - calcium oxide
Three concepts to keep in mind when determining the chemical formula for ionic compounds
- Ionic compounds always contain positive and negative ions
- The charges must cancel (equal positive and negative charges)
- Formula reflects the smallest whole-number ratio
What are the 3 steps for determining the chemical formula of ionic compounds?
- Write ions first
- Look at the charges
- Balance the charges
How do you name polyatomic ions?
Must know the name of the ions, formula, and charges
What is the only cation polyatomic compound?
Ammonium (NH4+)
Differentiate between binary ionic
compounds and polyatomic ions
Binary - refers to a compound composed of only two elements
Polyatomic - describes a group of atoms bonded together that act as a single unit with a charge
How do you name ionic compounds with transition metals?
- Transition metals may have more than one possible ionic charge
- Determine ion charge of the cation from the known charge of the ion
- Indicate ion charge using a Roman Numeral in parenthesis
What are the 3 steps for determining the chemical formula of binary molecular compounds?
- Use same prefixes as with hydrated ionic compounds
- Mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca
- If only one atom of the first element, prefix mono- normally omitted
How do I know if it is molecular name or ion name?
If there is a charge - ion
No charge - molecular
Should you reduce molecular compounds or ionic compounds? Or both?
Only reduce ionic compounds!!!
In naming ionic compounds, “O” is always ________
Oxide
Which transition metals always have the same charge?
Zinc is always 2+ and silver is always 1+
How do you know a compound is an acid?
Starts with an H
How do you name binary acids?
hyrdo, -ic, acid
What are the 4 binary acids?
HCl, HBr, HI, HF
What is an oxoacid?
Contain hydrogen and an oxyanion (anion containing nonmetal + oxygen)
How do you name an oxoacid?
Name of oxoacid depends on ending of anion
-ate to -ic
-ous to -ite
