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Chemistry 2024 > Module 2 - ionic and molecular nomenclature > Flashcards

Module 2 - ionic and molecular nomenclature Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the order to write organic formulas?

A

CHXNOS

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2
Q

Empirical formula

A

Simplest whole number ratio of the atoms found in a compound (ex. CH)

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3
Q

Molecular formula

A

Exact number of each type of atom found in a compound (ex. C6H6)

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4
Q

Structural formula

A

Exact number of each type of atom found in a compound and exact manner in which those atoms are bound together

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5
Q

Write the empirical and molecular formulas for Naphthalene:

A

Empirical: C5H4

Molecular: C10H8

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6
Q

Write the empirical and molecular formulas for Etomidate:

A

Empirical: C7H8NO

Molecular: C14H16N2O2

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7
Q

Exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units

A

Atomic elements (Na, Mg, Ag, Au)
- most elements exist this way

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8
Q

Exist in nature as molecules (one or more atom combined together)

A

Molecular elements

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9
Q

Polyatomic vs diatomic elements

A

Polyatomic - many atoms (P4, S8)
Diatomic - 2 atoms (H2, N2)

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10
Q

Monatomic vs polyatomic compounds

A

Monatomic - ion of one atom (Cl-, O2-, N3-)
Polyatomic - ion of multiple elements (SO42-)

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11
Q

Molecular compounds

A

composed of two or more nonmetals

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12
Q

Ionic compounds

A

composed of a cation (metal) and an anion (nonmetal)

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13
Q

What is a compound

A

A substance made of two or more different atoms chemically bonded together

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14
Q

Molecular compounds and molecular elements differ in that

A

Molecular elements contain only one type of atom (H2)
Molecular compounds contain atoms from different elements (H2O)

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15
Q

How do you name binary ionic compounds?

A

Name of cation (metal) + base name of anion (nonmetal) + -ide
ex. CaO - calcium oxide

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16
Q

Three concepts to keep in mind when determining the chemical formula for ionic compounds

A
  1. Ionic compounds always contain positive and negative ions
  2. The charges must cancel (equal positive and negative charges)
  3. Formula reflects the smallest whole-number ratio
17
Q

What are the 3 steps for determining the chemical formula of ionic compounds?

A
  1. Write ions first
  2. Look at the charges
  3. Balance the charges
18
Q

How do you name polyatomic ions?

A

Must know the name of the ions, formula, and charges

19
Q

What is the only cation polyatomic compound?

A

Ammonium (NH4+)

20
Q

Differentiate between binary ionic
compounds and polyatomic ions

A

Binary - refers to a compound composed of only two elements
Polyatomic - describes a group of atoms bonded together that act as a single unit with a charge

21
Q

How do you name ionic compounds with transition metals?

A
  1. Transition metals may have more than one possible ionic charge
  2. Determine ion charge of the cation from the known charge of the ion
  3. Indicate ion charge using a Roman Numeral in parenthesis
22
Q

What are the 3 steps for determining the chemical formula of binary molecular compounds?

A
  • Use same prefixes as with hydrated ionic compounds
  • Mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca
  • If only one atom of the first element, prefix mono- normally omitted
23
Q

How do I know if it is molecular name or ion name?

A

If there is a charge - ion
No charge - molecular

24
Q

Should you reduce molecular compounds or ionic compounds? Or both?

A

Only reduce ionic compounds!!!

25
Q

In naming ionic compounds, “O” is always ________

A

Oxide

26
Q

Which transition metals always have the same charge?

A

Zinc is always 2+ and silver is always 1+

27
Q

How do you know a compound is an acid?

A

Starts with an H

28
Q

How do you name binary acids?

A

hyrdo, -ic, acid

29
Q

What are the 4 binary acids?

A

HCl, HBr, HI, HF

30
Q

What is an oxoacid?

A

Contain hydrogen and an oxyanion (anion containing nonmetal + oxygen)

31
Q

How do you name an oxoacid?

A

Name of oxoacid depends on ending of anion
-ate to -ic
-ous to -ite

Chemistry 2024 (11 decks)

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