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Chemistry 2024 > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Hemoglobin has a _________ affinity for oxygen in the arterial system

A

high

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2
Q

Hemoglobin has a _________ affinity for CO2 in the arterial system

A

low

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3
Q

Hemoglobin has a _________ affinity for phosphates in the arterial system

A

low

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4
Q

Hemoglobin has a _________ affinity for hydrogen in the arterial system

A

low

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5
Q

Hemoglobin has a _________ affinity for Chloride in the arterial system

A

low

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6
Q

Hemoglobin has a ________ affinity for oxygen in the venous system

A

low

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7
Q

Hemoglobin has a ________ affinity for CO2 in the venous system

A

high

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8
Q

_________ transports oxygen from lung to the tissue

A

hemoglobin

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9
Q

_______ is a protein that stores and transports oxygen in muscle tissue (skeletal and heart)

A

myoglobin

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10
Q

Myoglobin binds and releases O2 based on

A

cellular O2 concentrations

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11
Q

Myoglobin ______ upon muscle activation

A

desaturates

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12
Q

Myoglobin ______ diffusion from capillaries to cytoplasm

A

increases

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13
Q

Myoglobin is used in the conversion of _________ to ______ to enhance ___________

A

nitric oxide, nitrate, cellular respiration

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14
Q

Ligands _____ to iron ion to stabilize charge and help to solubilize

A

bind/coordinate

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15
Q

Ligands for iron are

A

electron-rich species (nonmetal or polyatomic ions)

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16
Q

Iron has _______ coordination sites

A

6

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17
Q

A heterocyclic macrocycle composed of four modified pyrrole subunits connected by carbon bridges

A

Polyphyrins

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18
Q

Polyphyrins are conjugated ________ compounds

A

aromatic

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19
Q

Inactive protein is called a ______

A

Apoprotein

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20
Q

Apoproteins make heme more ______

A

water soluble

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21
Q

myoglobin is a ________ heme protein

A

monomeric

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22
Q

hemoglobin is a _______

A

tetramer

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23
Q

hemoglobin has a total of ______ subunits, 2 ____ and 2 ______

A

4, 2 alpha and 2 beta

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24
Q

fetal hemoglobin has 2 alpha subunits but the beta subunits are replaced by _____

A

gamma

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25
Q

bodies will produce fetal hemoglobin until _______ of age

A

6 months

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26
Q

fetal hemoglobin has a ________ affinity for oxygen compared to adult hemoglobin

A

higher

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27
Q

Standard units for Temp

A

Kelvin = C + 273.15

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28
Q

Standard units for pressure

A

Atmospheres (atm)

1atm= 760mmHg, 1.01325 bar, 101,325 Pa, 101.325 kPa

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29
Q

At standard temp and pressure, one mol of gas occupies ______ L

A

22.4 L

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30
Q

gas constant R value

A

0.08206 L * atm/ mol * K

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31
Q

The type of compound that is most likely to contain a covalent bond is ________.

A

one composed of only nonmetals

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32
Q

AX2 geometry

A

linear, 180

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33
Q

AX3 geometry

A

trigonal planar, 120

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34
Q

AX4 geometry

A

tetrahedral, 109.5

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35
Q

AX5 geometry

A

trigonal bipyramidal, 180, 120, 90

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36
Q

AX6 geometry

A

octahedral, 180, 90

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37
Q

AX2E geometry

A

bent, <120

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38
Q

AX3E geometry

A

trigonal pyramidal, <109.5

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39
Q

AX2E2 geometry

A

bent, <109.5

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40
Q

AX4E geometry

A

see-saw, 180, 90

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41
Q

AX3E2 geometry

A

T-shape, 180,90

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42
Q

AX2E3 geometry

A

linear, 180

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43
Q

AX5E

A

square pyramidal, 180, 90

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44
Q

AX4E2 geometry

A

square planar, 180, 90

45
Q

Rank of strength of intermolecular forces

A

Ion-ion > ion-dipole > Hydrogen > dipole-dipole > van der waals

46
Q

Buffers can contain a weak acid and __________

A

conjugate base

47
Q

Buffers can contain a weak base and its _________

A

conjugate acid

48
Q

Buffers have a limit called _________ of how much additional acid or base can be added

A

buffer capacity

49
Q

_______ is a proton donor

A

BL acid

50
Q

________ is a proton acceptor

A

BL base

51
Q

electron donor

A

lewis base

52
Q

electron acceptor

A

lewis acid

53
Q

what is the purpose of a cofactor

A

binds to enzymes to promote enzymatic processes

54
Q
A

Aldehyde

55
Q
A

Ketone

56
Q
A

Ester

57
Q
A

Amide

58
Q
A

Carboxylic Acid

59
Q
A

Isopropyl

60
Q
A

t-butyl

61
Q
A

sec-butyl

62
Q
A

isobutyl

63
Q

Z – stereoisomer

A

If the priority groups are on the same side

64
Q

E – stereoisomer

A

If the priority groups are on opposite sides

65
Q

Enantiomers

A
  • May have one or more stereocenters
  • All stereocenters must be switched between two structures
  • Have all the same physical properties except optical rotation
66
Q

Diastereomers

A
  • Must have a minimum of two stereocenters
  • Must have at least one stereocenter remain the same
  • Completely different physical properties
67
Q
A

anisole

68
Q
A

aniline

69
Q
A

phenol

70
Q
A

styrene

71
Q
A

toluene

72
Q
A

cumene

73
Q

1-3

A

meta

74
Q

1-4

A

para

75
Q

1-2

A

ortho

76
Q
A

steroid

77
Q
A

quinine

78
Q
A

morphine

79
Q
A

benzomorphan

80
Q
A

phenylpiperidines

81
Q
A

Barbituate

82
Q
A

benzodiazepine

83
Q
A

anesthetics

84
Q
A

penicillin

85
Q
A

benzene

86
Q
A

pyrrole

87
Q
A

furan

88
Q
A

thiophene

89
Q
A

indole

90
Q
A

indole

91
Q
A

catechol

92
Q
A

pyrimidine

93
Q
A

pyridine

94
Q
A

imidazole

95
Q
A

Fullerene aka “Bucky Ball”

96
Q
A

naphthalene

97
Q
A

anthracene

98
Q
A

phenanthrene

99
Q
A

pyrene

100
Q
A

4-isopropylphenol (p-isopropylphenol)

101
Q
A

3-methoxyaniline (m-methoxyaniline)

102
Q
A

2-bromotoluene (o-bromotoluene)

103
Q
A

3-methylstyrene (m-methylstyrene)

104
Q
A

morpholine

105
Q
A

piperazine

106
Q
A

piperidine

107
Q
A

tetrahydropyran

108
Q
A

tetrahydrofuran

109
Q
A

pyrrolidine

Chemistry 2024 (12 decks)

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