Module 1: Atomic Theory and Periodicity

Question 1

What is chemistry often referred to as?

Answer 1

The central science.

Question 2

What is the focus of chemistry?

Answer 2

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

Question 3

What is matter?

Answer 3

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Question 4

Name the three main states of matter.

Answer 4

Solids, liquids, gases.

Question 5

What is atomic theory?

Answer 5

A theory that states matter is composed of discrete units called atoms.

Question 6

What are the three subatomic particles in an atom?

Answer 6

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 7

What defines the atomic number of an element?

Answer 7

The number of protons in its nucleus.

Question 8

What is the mass number?

Answer 8

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.

Question 9

What is an isotope?

Answer 9

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 10

What is the periodic table?

Answer 10

A tabular arrangement of the elements based on atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties.

Question 11

What are alkali metals?

Answer 11

Elements in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Question 12

What are noble gases?

Answer 12

Elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, known for being inert.

Question 13

What is a chemical bond?

Answer 13

The force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound.

Question 14

What is an ion?

Answer 14

An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Question 15

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 15

A type of chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges.
- one atom donates electrons
- ex NaCl

Question 16

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 16

A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
- ex H2O

Question 17

What is electronegativity?

Answer 17

The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.

Question 18

Which element has the highest electronegativity?

Answer 18

Fluorine.

Question 19

What is a physical change?

Answer 19

A change in the form or appearance of matter, not in its chemical composition.

Question 20

What is a chemical change?

Answer 20

A change where a new substance is formed with different properties.

Question 21

Condensation

Answer 21

gas to liquid

Question 22

deposition

Answer 22

gas to solid

Question 23

sublimation

Answer 23

solid to gas

Question 24

vaporization

Answer 24

liquid to gas

Question 25

Classify matter

Answer 25

Pure substance - element or compound
Mixture - homogenous or heterogenous

Question 26

What are the 4 concepts in atomic theory?

Answer 26

1. Each element is composed of atoms
2. All atoms of a given element has the same mass and other properties that distinguish them from atoms of other elements
3. Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds
4. Atoms of one element cannot change into atoms of another element. In a chemical reaction, atoms change the way they are bound together with other atoms to form a new substance

Question 27

Z

Answer 27

Atomic number - protons

Question 28

A

Answer 28

Mass number - protons+neutrons

Question 29

Atomic Mass

Answer 29

(amu): the average mass of an element based upon the mass of the isotopes that compose that element, weighted according to the natural abundance of each isotope

Question 30

Molar Mass

Answer 30

(g/mol): mass of a given element divided by the amount of substance

Question 31

Which atomic orbitals do we need to know?

Answer 31

s, p, d

Question 32

Aufbau principle

Answer 32

an electron occupies orbitals in order from lowest energy to highest

Question 33

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 33

no two electrons can be the same and must, therefore, be spin-paired

Question 34

Ionic Size

Answer 34

• Cations are smaller than their corresponding atoms
• Anions are larger than their corresponding atoms