Module 9 Digestion Flashcards
1
Q
Common Manifestations of digestive system disorders
A
- Anorexia, Nausea, Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Fluid/ Electrolyte imbalance
- Pain
- Malnutrition
2
Q
Hematemesis
A
Blood in vomit that looks like coffee grounds.
3
Q
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders (4)
A
- Hiatal Hernia
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Gastritis
- Peptic Ulcer Disease
4
Q
Dysphagia
A
Difficulty Swallowing
Pain with Swallowing
5
Q
Some Causes of Dysphagia
A
- Neurological
- Muscular Disorder
- Mechanical obstruction
6
Q
Hiatal Hernia
A
- When the stomach bulges up and through the hiatus of the diaphragm into the chest cavity.
7
Q
What are the two types of Hiatal Hernia ?
A
- Sliding
- Rolling or paraesophageal
8
Q
Sliding Hiatal Hernia
A
- Most Common
- When the stomach slides above the diaphragm when the person is laying down or supine
- When standing the stomach slides back down into the abdominal cavity.
9
Q
Rolling or Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia
A
- Fundus of the stomach moves up through a weak opening or hiatus in the diaphragm
- can lead to ulcers from compressed blood vessels
10
Q
Factors contributing to Hiatal Hernia
A
- Shortening of esophagus
- weakness in diaphragm
- abdominal pressure ( pregnancy )
11
Q
Signs and Symptoms of Hiatal Hernia
A
- Heartburn
- Belching
- increase in discomfort when laying down after meals
- dysphagia
- persistent chest pain after meals.
12
Q
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
A
- Acidic stomach contents back up into the esophagus.
- Usually caused by a weak lower esophageal sphincter.
13
Q
Gastritis
A
- Inflammation of the stomach that happens for many reasons
- can be acute or chronic.
14
Q
Acute Gastritis
A
- inflamed, red mucosa
- may be ulcerated.
15
Q
Causes of Acute Gastritis
A
- Infection
- Allergies
- Ingestion of spicy or irritating foods
- To much alcohol intake
- Radiation or chemotherapy
- Asprin or other ulcerogenic drugs
16
Q
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Gastritis
A
- Anorexia
- nausea
- hematemesis
- Diarrhea
17
Q
Chronic Gastritis
A
- atrophy of the mucosa in the stomach
- usually found in clients with peptic ulcers, abuse in alcohol, elderly
18
Q
Peptic Ulcers
A
- Leision in either the stomach ( Gastric) or in the small intestine ( Duodenal) caused by an erosion in the mucosal layer.
19
Q
What Causes Peptic Ulcers?
A
- # 1 is H. Pylori infection
- #2 is overuse of NSAIDS or aspirin
20
Q
Signs and Symptoms of a Peptic Ulcer
A
- Aching pain or burning in the abdomen
- Spicey Food can initiate pain
- heartburn
- nausea
- weightloss
- vomiting.
21
Q
Diagnostic Tests for Peptic Ulcers
A
- Barium xray
- Fiberoptic endoscopy
- Biopsy endscopically
22
Q
Gallbladder Disorders
A
- Cholelithiasis
- Cholecystitis
- Choleangitis
- Choledocholithiasis
23
Q
Most frequent Gallbladder diysfunction
A
- Cholelithiasis.
24
Q
Cholelithiasis
A
- Gallbladder disorder
- formation of gallstones
that form in the bile.
25
Cholecystitis
- GallBladder Disorder
| - inflammation of the gallbladder and cystic duct
26
Signs and Symptoms of Cholelithiasis
- Pain
- Nausea/Vomiting
- Increased LFTs
- Increased bilirubin
- May present with Jaundice
27
Signs and Symptoms of Cholecystitis
- Pain ( RUQ )
| - Nausea/ Vomiting
28
Treatment of Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis
- Cholecystectomy ( removal of the gallbladder)
29
What causes gallstones?
- When the bile contains high levels of cholesterol
| - when there is a deficit in bile salts.
30
Jaundice
- Yellowing of skin and whites of eyes caused by too much Bilirubin in the blood.
Not a disease itself
31
Three groups of Jaundice
- Prehepatic
- Intrahepatic
- Posthepatic.
32
Prehepatic Jaundice
- Excessive destruction of red blood cells.
| - Nothing wrong with the liver but there is too much Bilirubin for it to process.
33
Intrahepatic Jaundice
- Liver is not working so the bile is not processed and excreted.
34
Posthepatic Jaundice
- There is an obstruction of bile flow into the gallbladder
| - Bile can't leave the liver, so everything is backed up into the blood.
35
Hepatitis
- Inflammation of the liver.
36
Causes of Hepatitis
- Viruses ( Hep A,B,C etc)
- Toxins
- Idiopathic (fatty liver)
37
Signs and Symptoms of Hepatitis
- Dull RUQ pain
- Malaise
- Anorexia
- nausea
38
Cirrhosis
- Progression of liver destruction leading to liver failure when 80 - 90 % of the liver is destroyed.
- 5 different categories
39
5 Categories of Liver Cirrhosis
- Alcoholic Liver Disease
- Biliary Cirrhosis
- Postnecrotic ( viral ) Cirrhosis
- Metabolic Diseases.
- Toxic Hepatitis
40
Manifestations of Cirrhosis
Early: Loss of appetite, nausea, weightless, fatigue, weakness, exhaustion, anemia, aching or dull pain in RUQ
Later:
Increased Bruising, edema, jaundice
41
Portal Hypertension
High pressure in portal veins causes fluid to shift out of the intravascular compartment into the peritoneal cavity
42
Esophageal Varices
Dilated convoluted blood vessels in the esophagus du to portal hypertension.
43
Acute Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas due to auto digestion. considered a medical emergency.
44
AutoDigestion
premature activation of inactive digestive enzymes
45
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Pancreatitis
- severe pain
- signs of shock
- low grade fever
- abdominal distention.
46
Chrons Disease
- Inflammatory Bowel disease which can affect any area of the digestive tract. ( gum to bum)
- small intestine is usually the most affected. inflammation and fibrosis.
- No known Cause
47
Signs and Symptoms of Chrons Disease
- Diarrhea
- Cramping abdominal pain
- pain and tenderness in RLQ)
- Anorexia
- weight loss
- anemia
48
Ulcerative Colitis
- Inflammation starts in rectum and travels into the colon..
- only invades inner lining of the bowel.
- mucosa and submucosa are inflamed.
- interferes with absorption of fluid and electrolytes in colon
49
Signs and Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis
- Diarrhea
- blood in stool with pain
- fever, weight loss
- only excreting blood and mucosa.
50
Appendicitis
- inflammation and infection of the vermiform appendix
| - occurs in 10% of young adults.
51
Signs and symptoms of appendicitis
- nausea, vomiting
- periumbilical pain
- Pain in LRQ
52
Intestinal obstruction
Lack of movement in the intestines.
