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Patho > Module 11 Urinary Disorders > Flashcards

Module 11 Urinary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnostic tests for the Urinary system

A
  • Urinalysis
  • Blood urea nitrogen ( BUN)
  • Blood creatinine Levels
  • Blood Tests
  • Cystoscopy
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2
Q

Urinalysis looks for

A
  • colour
  • Blood maybe visible or microscopic
  • Protein
  • Bacteria
  • Glucose
  • Ketones
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3
Q

Blood Test ( BUN )

A
  • Indicate failure to excrete nitrogen wastes
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4
Q

Blood Tests ( Creatinine )

A

tests for high creatinine levels too high indicates low kidney function

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5
Q

Cystoscopy

A
  • procedure to visualize the bladder
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6
Q

Treatment for Urinary Disorders

A

Dialysis
Hemodialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis

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7
Q

Hemodialysis

A
  • blood is taken from client via an implanted shunt or catheter
  • cycled through a dialysis machine which filters and then replaces the blood back into the client
  • done in hospital or out patient clinic
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8
Q

Peritoneal Dialysis

A

dialysis fluid is installed into the peritoneal cavity and wastes are filtered out, then carried outside of the body..

can be done in patients home

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9
Q

Urinary Tract Infection ( UTI )

A
  • Very Common
  • Urine is a good place for bacteria to grow and thrive.
  • usually infections are “ascending” coming from the perineal area up the mucosa and into the urinary tract .
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10
Q

Locations of UTI

A

Lower UTI:
Urethritis ( inflamed urethra)
Cystitis ( inflamed bladder)

Upper UTI:
Pyelonephritis ( inflamed Kidney)

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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of Lower UTI ( Urethritis)

A
  • Cloudy Urine
  • Bad smelling Urine
  • painful urination
  • urgency and often excreting
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12
Q

Signs and symptoms of Upper UTI ( pyelonephritis)

A
  • Pain to flank area

- Dysuria

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13
Q

UTI treatment

A
  • Antibacterial Drugs

- Increase fluid

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14
Q
  • Why Cranberry Juice?
A
  • tannin content appears to reduce the capability of E. Coli to stick to bladder mucosa.
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15
Q

Uriniary Tract Obstruction

A

Nephrolithiasis
Renal Calculi
Stones

  • Can develop anywhere in the urinary tract

other reasons
- Tumors

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16
Q

Renal Cell Carcinoma

A
  • Tumor arising from the tubule
17
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Renal Cell Carcinoma

A
  • Hematuria
  • Dull aching flank pain
  • Weight Loss
  • Anemia
18
Q

Treatment for Renal Cell Carcinoma

A

Removal of Kidney

can be resistant to radiation

19
Q

Bladder Cancer

A
  • Invasive through wall to adjacent structures
20
Q

Predisposing factors to bladder cancer

A
  • Working with chemicals
  • Smoking
  • Recurrent infections
  • heading intake of analgesics
21
Q

Treatment for Bladder Cancer

A

Surgical resection

Chemo and radiation.

22
Q

Acute Renal Failure ( ARF )

A
  • Both Kidneys are involved
  • Usually reversible if cause is treated successfully
  • Dialysis maybe needed temporarily
  • Leads to reduced GFR, OLIGURIA OR ANURIA
  • Kidneys can sustain a degree of permenant damage.
23
Q

Causes for Acute Renal Failure ( ARF )

A
  • Ciculatory Shock
  • Nephrotoxins ( drugs, chemicals or toxins.)
  • Sepsis
  • Calculi
  • Blood Clots
  • Tumors
24
Q

Chronic Renal Failure ( Stage 1)

A
  • Gradual, irreversible damage.
  • 60% of nephrons lost
  • asymptomatic
25
Q

Chronic Renal Failure (2nd stage)

A
  • Renal insufficiency ( 75% of nephrons are lost)
26
Q

Signs and Symptoms of 2nd stage renal failure

A
  • retention of BUN
  • Increased creatinine
  • excretion of LARGE amounts of urine
27
Q

Renal Failure Stage 3

A
  • End-stage renal failure loss of 90% or more of nephrons
  • Fluid, electrolytes and wastes are held in body and effects all systems
  • anuria and oliguria start as kidneys lose function
  • dialysis or transplant is required.
28
Q

Renal Failure Signs and Symptoms

A
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Fluid overload
  • Oliguria/ Anuria
  • Anemia (
  • Infection
  • Metabolic Acidosis
  • Hypertension

Patho (7 decks)

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