Module 12 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Musculoskeletal Diagnostic tests
Radiography or nuclear imaging Biopsy Electromyography radiography Arthroscopy MRI
Bone Fractures
Transverse Linear Oblique Spiral Greenstick Comminuted
Complete Bone Fracture
Bone is broken to form two or more separate pieces
Incomplete Bone Fracture
The bone is only partially broken
Open- Closed bone fracture
Open - Skin broken
Closed- Skin intact
Simple Bone Fracture
single break in the bone
bone ends maintain alignment
Segmental bone fracture
bone break where several large bone fragments separate from the main body
Comminuted bone fracture
multiple fracture lines and bone fragements
Compression fracture
common in vertebrae
bone crushed or collapses into small pieces.
Compartment Syndrome
Edema within fascia compresses nerves and blood vessels causing severe pain, ischemia or even necrosis of the muscle.
Dislocation
Seeration of two bones at a joint with loss of contact between the articulating bone surfaces
Sprain
Tear in a ligament
Strain
Tear in a tendon
Avulsion
Ligaments or tendons completely separated from the bone
Immobilization
Used to prevent tissue damage and promote healing.
Muscle Tears
Along the muscles itself or at points of attachment.
First degree muscle tear
- Small percentage of muscle fibers
Second Degree Muscle tear
Much of the muscle is torn but not a complete tear
Third Degree muscle tear
Complete tear across the width of the muscle
Repedative strain Injuries
- Affects muscles tendons and nerves
- develops over a period of time as the same movement is repeated.
OsteoMyelitis
Bone infection caused by bacteria or fungi.
Signs and Symptoms of osteomyelitis
- Local inflammation and bone paine
fever
chills
general malaise
Bone Tumors
Common site of secondary tutors from breast, lung or prostate tutors
Most sarcomas are malignant
Osteosarcoma
Most common tumor
along the shaft of long bones in the leg
common in children, adolescents and young adults
bone pain when resting is a common sign.
