Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANAT 100 > Module 9 > Flashcards

Module 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Breathing Involves Two Functions

A
  1. Inspiration 2. Expiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inspiration

A

Drawing oxygen rich air into the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Expiration

A

Forcing oxygen poor air out of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gas Exchange

A

Movement of gases across membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

External Respiration

A

Exchange of gases between the air and blood. Inspired oxygen moves across cellular membranes of the alveolus of the lung and its associated capillaries into the blood, while carbon dioxide moves in the opposite direction and out of the body through expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Similar mechanism to external respiration, that exchanges gases between the blood and cells of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why Does Gas Conditioning Happen

A

Gases entering the lungs need to be conditioned in order to prevent damage to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gas Conditioning Explanation

A

Occurs in the nasal cavities and the paranasal sinuses, were air is swirled around to be warmed and humidified. Inhaled air is cleansed of particulate matter through contact with the mucosal lining of respiratory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sound Projection

A

Occurs by forceful expiration of air through the vocal cords in the larynx, causing them to vibrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Olfaction

A

The olfactory epithelium covers the top of the nasal cavity. The receptors for the sense of smell are within this epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How Does Olfaction Work

A

when air is inhaled into the nasal cavity, airbrone molecules dissolve into mucus which lines the cavity and stimulates the receptors. Signals from these receptors travel to the brain through the olfactory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Defense

A

The coarse hairs of the nostrils, the ciliated cells of the respiratory epithelium, and the mucus lining help to trap particles and microorganisms from entering the nose and the respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Role Respiratory Tract Epithelium Plays

A

large part in defense of the system and lines most of the surfaces from the nasal cavity down to the terminal bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What Kind of Epithelium Does the Respiratory System Have?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Apical Surface of the Epithelium

A

covered in cilia, small fingerlike projections extending from the cell that provide an increased surface area for conditioning. Also trap inhaled particles and microoganisms caught in mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where Can Goblet Mucus Cells be Found

A

Interspersed throughout the pseudostratified epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Goblet Cells Function

A

Produce mucus, which forms a protective layer over the epithelium and traps particulate matter or microorganism that may be inhaled. Also provides moisture to humidify the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Two Regions of the Respiratory System

A

Conducting Portion and Respiratory Portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Conducting Portion Function

A

Transfer inhaled air from the outside world to the lung tissue and to conduct air from the lungs to the outside world. This is where humidification and trapping of debris occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Structures of the Conducting Portion

A
  1. nose and nasal cavity 2. Paranasal sinuses 3. Pharynx 4. Larynx 5. Trachea 6. Primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi 7. Terminal bronchioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The Respiratory Portion Function

A

Transfer gases between lungs and pulmonary capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pulmonary Capillaries

A

Terminal structures within the lungs that have walls thin enough to facilitate the movement of gases from air to blood and vise versa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Structures of the Respiratory Portion

A
  1. Respiratory brinchioles 2. Alveolar ducts 3. Alveolar sacs 4. Alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

Collection of air filled spaces within the bones of the skull communicating with the nasal cavity. They aid in conditioning of air, defense against pathogens and act as resonance chambers for speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Paranasal Sinuses Names

A
  1. Frontal sinus 2. Maxillary sinus 3. Ethmoid sinus 4. Sphenoid sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the Paranasal Sinuses Lined With

A

Respiratory Tract Epithelium, contributing to its function in defense and conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Nose and Nasal Cavity

A

First line of defense against pathogens and debris, trapping them in hairs and mucus. Air enters the openings of the nostrils and is passed into the nasal cavity where it is conditioned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Roof

A

Ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Floor

A

Hard palate

30
Q

Medial Wall

A

Makes up the nasal septum. Composed of the vertical bones in the skull, and separaes the two halves of the nasal cavity

31
Q

Lateral Wall

A

Contain structures known as nasal conchae. These create turbulence in the air as it passes through the cavity, allowing for conditioning and catching debris

32
Q

Anterior of Nasal Cavity

A

Made up by the nares, whuch is the opening between the nose and nasal cavity

33
Q

Posterior of Nasal

A

Opening to the nasopharynx, where the nasal cavity connects to the pharynx

34
Q

Nasal Cavity - Respiratory Tract Epithelium

A

Role in protection from airbone debris and microorganisms, as well as the conditioning of air

35
Q

Nasal Cavity - Olfactory Epithelium

A

Roof is lined with olfactory epithelium which contains sensory receptors for smell

36
Q

What is the Nasal Cavity’s Olfactory Epithelium composed of

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and bipolar olfactory receptor neurons

37
Q

Pharynx

A

Muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and the larynx in the respiratory system. Also functions to connect the esophagus in the digestive system

38
Q

Components of the Pharynx

A
  1. Nasopharynx 2. Oropharynx 3. Laryngopharynx
39
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Most supierior

40
Q

Oropharynx

A

Middle aspect. Part of both the respiratory and digestive systems. Passes air from the nasopharynx and food from the oral cavity into the laryngopharynx

41
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Most inferior. Involved in both the digestive and respiratory system, passing food and air into respetctive systems

42
Q

Histology of Nasopharynx

A

Mostly RTE because it mainly has a respiratory function

43
Q

Histology of Oro and laryngopharynx

A

Lined with stratified squamous epithelium, due to need for durability when swallowing food

44
Q

Larynx

A

Produces sound. Sits anterior to the esophagus connecting the pharynx with the trachea and preventing food from entering the trachea

45
Q

Cartilage of the Larynx

A
  1. Epiglottis 2. Thyroid cartilage 3. Cricoid cartilage
46
Q

Epiglottis

A

Large spoon shaped elastic cartilage that functions to prevent food from passing into the trachea

47
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A

shield shaped hyaline cartilage and provides attachments for many muscles

48
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

Complete ring of hyaline cartilage functions as an attachment for muscles and vocal cords

49
Q

Vocal Cords

A

Small ligaments attached to laryngeal cartilages that vibrate when air is forced out of lungs. When cords vibrate, sound is produced

50
Q

Trachea

A

extends from the larynx, where it splits at a junction called carina. Function is the conduction of air to the lungs

51
Q

Structure of the Trachea

A

Made up of cartilaginous rings, which function to keep the airway open

52
Q

Trachea - Mucosa

A

Lined with RTE to clear any debris or pathogens that make it into the lower respiratory tract

53
Q

Trachea - Submucosa

A

Made uo of loose connective tissue containing larger vessels and nerves and mucus secreting glands

54
Q

Trachea - Adventitia

A

Outer layer of connective tissue surrounding the trachea. also encloses the cartilagionous rings, making the trachea flexible and durable

55
Q

Primary Bronchi

A

splitting the trachea results in two primary bronchi, left and right which have the same function and histology as the trachea

56
Q

Where does the Primary Bronchus Enter

A

the medial side of the hilus

57
Q

Which Primary Bronchus is wider, shorter, more verticle

58
Q

End of Conducting Portion

A

Characterized by bronchi dividing into smaller tubes. Moving from large in diameter, thick walled tube to a smaller diameter, thin walled tube for gas exchange

59
Q

Right Lung Lobes

A

has three lobes: superior, middle and inferior

60
Q

Right Lung Fissures

A

Two fissures that separate the lobes: horizontal and oblique

61
Q

Left Lung Lobes

A

Two lobes: superior and inferior

62
Q

Cardiac Notch

A

a depression on the anterior border of the left lung that accommodates the space taken up by the apex of the heart

63
Q

Left Lung Fissure

A

One fissures: oblique

64
Q

Apex

A

The most superior point of the lung

65
Q

Diaphragmatic

A

The base of the lung, rests on the diaphragm known as the hilus

66
Q

Costal

A

Covers around the lateral aspect of the lung

67
Q

Mediastinal

A

Medial surface. Contains the entry and exit points for all vessels and airways at a structure

68
Q

Pleura Membranes

A

Two continuous membranes that form a sac around each lung. Secretes pleural fluid to fill the pleural space between two membrane, which acts as a lubricant allowing visceral pleura of the lung to slide freely on the parietal pleura of the thoracic wall during inflation and deflation

69
Q

Parietal Pelura

A

An outer serous membrane attached to the walls and floor of the thoracic cavity around the lungs, continuous with the visceral pleura at the hilus

70
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

Serous membrane attached to the surface of the lung that is continuous with the parietal pleura at the hilus

71
Q

Respiratory Bronchioles

A

Branch from the terminal bronchioles. They are the first structures to contribute to gas exchange

72
Q

Alveoli

A

Functional unit of the lung, where gas exchange takes place. Each is surrounded by capillaries to maximize the amount of oxygen going into the body and carbon dioxide leaving

ANAT 100 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions