MODULE 9

Question 1

T/F: The somatic motor system allows us to plan and execute movements enabling us to interact with our environment.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Which type of movement produced by the somatic motor system has a context dependent association with stimuli, is modifiable and can be learned with practice?

A: Voluntary
B: Reflexive
C: Rhythmic

Answer 2

A

Question 3

T/F: In order to convert an intention into an action the motor system must go through a series of sensorimotor transformations.

Answer 3

true

Question 4

Sensory feedback used after a movement is executed will allow the system to do which of the following?

A: Plan movements in advance

B: Correct errors in a movement

C: Execute a movement

Answer 4

B

Question 5

Which areas of the brain are part of the highest level of the motor hierarchy and are important for planning movements and sending execution commands to lower centers.

A: Motor cortices
B: Cerebellum
C: Spinal cord
D: Basal nuclei

Answer 5

A

Question 6

Which functional subsystem will regulate skilled limb movement allowing us to write our name on a card?

A: Dorsolateral
B: Ventromedial
C: Corticonucelar tract

Answer 6

A

Question 7

T/F: Lower motor neurons are the final motor pathway, allowing a neural signal to be converted into a mechanical event.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

Where are lower motor neurons that innervate limb muscles located?

A: Anterior horn of the spinal cord

B: Trigeminal motor nucleus

C: Facial motor nucleus

Answer 8

A

Question 9

Which of the following neurons innervates the contractile ends of the muscle spindle?

A: alpha motor neurons
B: gamma motor neurons
C: interneurons

Answer 9

B

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?

A: Acetylcholine
B: Glutamate
C: Glycin

Answer 10

A

Question 11

T/F: Lower motor neurons are the final motor pathway, allowing a neural signal to be converted into a mechanical event.

Answer 11

true

Question 12

Where are lower motor neurons that innervate limb muscles located?

Answer 12

Anterior horn of the spinal cord

Question 13

Which of the type of neurons innervates the contractile ends of the muscle spindle?

Answer 13

gamma motor neurons

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 14

Acetylcholine

Question 15

T/F: During voluntary movements the motor system will activate both alpha and gamma motor neurons simultaneously.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

list the 4 ways through which higher brain centers can modulate the activity of reflexes

Answer 16

1. They can decrease the threshold for activation of the reflex.
2. They can decrease the gain of a reflex.
3. They can increase the threshold for activation of a reflex.
4. They can increase the gain of a reflex.

Question 17

During the monosynaptic stretch reflex, sensory information will activate which type of neurons to mediate reciprocal inhibition so that the antagonist muscle will relax?

Answer 17

interneurons

Question 18

The activation of gamma motor neurons by higher brain centers to increase the tension of the muscle spindle so that a small stretch of the muscle will produce a greater than typical increase in muscle tension is an example of which of the following?

Answer 18

gamma bias (high gain)

Question 19

The golgi tendon organ is the afferent limb of which spinal level reflex?

Answer 19

autogenic inhibition reflex –
muscle spindles mediate the monosynaptic stretch reflex and nociceptive information mediates the flexor withdrawl reflex

Question 20

T/F: The flexor withdrawl & flexion-crossed extension reflex involve the activation of both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons that mediate complex patterns of movement on both sides of the body.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Which nerve carries the afferent and efferent limbs of the jaw jerk reflex?

Answer 21

CN V (trigeminal)

Question 22

When the left cornea is touched this nociceptive information will typically result in the activation of which of the following?

A: Motor neurons in the nucleus ambiguus on the ipsilateral side.

B: Motor neurons in the facial motor nucleus bilaterally.

C: Motor neurons in the trigeminal motor nucleus ipsilaterally

D: Motor neurons in the nucleus ambiguus bilaterally.

Answer 22

Motor neurons in the facial motor nucleus bilaterally.

Question 23

Which of the cerebellar peduncles will convey information about the motor plan from the cortex to the contralateral cerebellum?

Answer 23

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 24

T/F: Proprioceptive information and vestibular information from one side of the body is projected to the ipsilateral cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle.

Answer 24

true

Question 25

Which of the following types of information is NOT conveyed to the cerebellum via mossy fibers?

Answer 25

Integrated information from the inferior olivary complex