MODULE 9 Flashcards
T/F: The somatic motor system allows us to plan and execute movements enabling us to interact with our environment.
true
Which type of movement produced by the somatic motor system has a context dependent association with stimuli, is modifiable and can be learned with practice?
A: Voluntary
B: Reflexive
C: Rhythmic
A
T/F: In order to convert an intention into an action the motor system must go through a series of sensorimotor transformations.
true
Sensory feedback used after a movement is executed will allow the system to do which of the following?
A: Plan movements in advance
B: Correct errors in a movement
C: Execute a movement
B
Which areas of the brain are part of the highest level of the motor hierarchy and are important for planning movements and sending execution commands to lower centers.
A: Motor cortices
B: Cerebellum
C: Spinal cord
D: Basal nuclei
A
Which functional subsystem will regulate skilled limb movement allowing us to write our name on a card?
A: Dorsolateral
B: Ventromedial
C: Corticonucelar tract
A
T/F: Lower motor neurons are the final motor pathway, allowing a neural signal to be converted into a mechanical event.
true
Where are lower motor neurons that innervate limb muscles located?
A: Anterior horn of the spinal cord
B: Trigeminal motor nucleus
C: Facial motor nucleus
A
Which of the following neurons innervates the contractile ends of the muscle spindle?
A: alpha motor neurons
B: gamma motor neurons
C: interneurons
B
Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?
A: Acetylcholine
B: Glutamate
C: Glycin
A
T/F: Lower motor neurons are the final motor pathway, allowing a neural signal to be converted into a mechanical event.
true
Where are lower motor neurons that innervate limb muscles located?
Anterior horn of the spinal cord
Which of the type of neurons innervates the contractile ends of the muscle spindle?
gamma motor neurons
Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?
Acetylcholine
T/F: During voluntary movements the motor system will activate both alpha and gamma motor neurons simultaneously.
true
list the 4 ways through which higher brain centers can modulate the activity of reflexes
- They can decrease the threshold for activation of the reflex.
- They can decrease the gain of a reflex.
- They can increase the threshold for activation of a reflex.
- They can increase the gain of a reflex.
During the monosynaptic stretch reflex, sensory information will activate which type of neurons to mediate reciprocal inhibition so that the antagonist muscle will relax?
interneurons
The activation of gamma motor neurons by higher brain centers to increase the tension of the muscle spindle so that a small stretch of the muscle will produce a greater than typical increase in muscle tension is an example of which of the following?
gamma bias (high gain)
The golgi tendon organ is the afferent limb of which spinal level reflex?
autogenic inhibition reflex –
muscle spindles mediate the monosynaptic stretch reflex and nociceptive information mediates the flexor withdrawl reflex
T/F: The flexor withdrawl & flexion-crossed extension reflex involve the activation of both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons that mediate complex patterns of movement on both sides of the body.
true
Which nerve carries the afferent and efferent limbs of the jaw jerk reflex?
CN V (trigeminal)
When the left cornea is touched this nociceptive information will typically result in the activation of which of the following?
A: Motor neurons in the nucleus ambiguus on the ipsilateral side.
B: Motor neurons in the facial motor nucleus bilaterally.
C: Motor neurons in the trigeminal motor nucleus ipsilaterally
D: Motor neurons in the nucleus ambiguus bilaterally.
Motor neurons in the facial motor nucleus bilaterally.
Which of the cerebellar peduncles will convey information about the motor plan from the cortex to the contralateral cerebellum?
Middle cerebellar peduncle
T/F: Proprioceptive information and vestibular information from one side of the body is projected to the ipsilateral cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle.
true
Which of the following types of information is NOT conveyed to the cerebellum via mossy fibers?
Integrated information from the inferior olivary complex
