MODULE 13 Flashcards
T/F: The sympathetic division of the viscerosensory system conveys innocuous information from the viscera.
false – the sympathetic division of the viscerosensory system conveys pain information and the parasympathetic division conveys innocuous sensory information (e.g., stretch/tension in hollow organs contributing to the sense of fullness; blood composition)
T/F: The blood vessels of the skin and skeletal muscles of the body wall and limbs are innervated by only the sympathetic division of the ANS.
true
Which of the following statements correctly describes the structural components of the parasympathetic division of the ANS? Select all that apply.
A: Preganglionic neurons are located in cranial visceromotor nuclei & at sacral levels of the spinal cord.
B: Preganglionic neurons are located in the intermediolateral cell column at the levels of T1-L2.
C: Post-ganglionic neurons are located in ganglia in the head region and intramural ganglia.
D: Post-ganglionic neurons are located in the sympathetic chain of ganglia.
E: Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that allows communication between the pre and postganglionic neurons, as well as between the postganglionic neurons and the target tissue.
A, C, & E
Describe the 3 examples of referred pain associated with somatic conditions:
heart disease - referred pain to chest or arm
gallbladder disease - referred pain to back or bw scapulae
pancreatic disease - referred pain to back
Your patient sustained a neck injury that damaged the right superior cervical ganglion. You anticipate seeing which of the following clinical signs. Select all that apply.
A: left facial flushing
B: right facial flushing
C: right ptosis
D: right pupil constriction
E: left anhidrosis
B, C, & D
T/F: In order to empty the bladder there needs to be contraction of the smooth muscle of the bladder wall (detrusor muscle), relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter, and contraction of the external urethral sphincter.
False – external sphincter must relax, NOT contract
Which of the following statements best describes the micturition reflex?
A: Decreased firing rate of the sensory afferents of the bladder wall results in increased parasympathetic outflow, increased sympathetic outflow, and inhibition of the somatic motor neurons resulting in bladder voiding.
B: Increased firing rate of the sensory afferents of the bladder wall results in increased parasympathetic outflow, decreased sympathetic outflow, and inhibiton of the somatic motor neurons resulting in bladder voiding.
C: Increased firing rate of the sensory afferents of the bladder wall results in decreased parasympathetic outflow, increased sympathetic outflow and inhibition of the somatic motor neurons resulting in bladder voiding.
D: Decreased firing rate of the sensory afferents of the bladder wall results in decreased parasympathetic outflow, decreased sympathetic outflow and excitation of the somatic motor neurons resulting in bladder voiding.
B
T/F: Baroreceptors are located in the carotid sinus and the arotic arch and increased tension in the walls of these arteries causes a reduction in the firing rate of these receptors.
Baroreceptors will increase their firing rate resulting in an increase in parasympathetic outflow and a decrease in sympathetic outflow producing the vasodepressor response.
List the 7 main functions of the hypothalamus
- temp regulation
- regulation of water/electrolyte balance
- regulation of sleep/wake cycles and circadian rhythms
- regulation of hunger/feeding
- body metabolisms
- regulation of BP
- role in limbic system via physiological expression of emotion
The hypothalamus plays an important role in which of the following functions (select all that apply):
A: Regulation of blood pressure
B: Regulation of circadian rhythms
C: Expression of somatic emotions
D: Regulation of the pituitary gland
All
what are the 2 divisions of the pituitary gland, and what are their functions?
posterior lobe: stores and releases oxytocin and ADH
anterior lobe: produces and secretes hormones (e.g. prolactin, human growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone)
list the 4 heat loss mechanisms, what conditions would activate them, and which structures are involved
activated in response to temp increases; anterior nucleus of hypothalamus
- sweating
- cutaneous vasodilation (flushing)
- dec metabolic rate
- initiation of bx strategies (take off clothes, cool drink, etc)
list the 4 heat gain mechanisms, what conditions would activate them, and which structures are involved
activated in response to temp decreases; posterior nucleus of hypothalamus (when it gets cold out u wanna POST up inside)
- shivering
- cutaneous vasoconstriction
- inc metabolic rate
- initiation of bx strategies (put on more clothes, warm drink, etc)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Secreting Tumors result in:
A: galactorrhea
B: gigantism
C: acromegaly
D: hyperadrenalism
E: amenorrhea
D
The hypothalamus decreases body temperature through which of the following (select all that apply):
A: Sweating
B: Cutaneous vasoconstriction
C: Cutaneous vasodilation
D: Decreasing metabolic rate
E: Increasing metabolic rate
A, C, & D
