MODULE 14 Flashcards
Select the structures that are in the first level of the limbic system.
A: Subcallosal area
B: Amygdala
C: Nucleus accumbens
D: Parahippocampal gyrus
E: Hippocampus
F: Orbitofrontal cortex
G: Cingulate cortex
A, D, E, & G
Select the structures that are in the second level of the limbic system.
A: Amygdala
B: Hippocampal formation
C: Hypothalamus
D: Prefrontal cortex
E: Uncus
F: Thalamic nuclei
A, C, D, & F
T/F: Long-term potentiation involves activation of NMDA receptors, which allow Ca2+ (calcium) ions to enter cells of the hippocampus.
true
Jon rode his bike to the park. This activity involves what type of memory?
non-declarative procedural memory
T/F: Korsakoff’s syndrome may result in memory loss due to recurrent seizures in the temporal lobe.
false – this is true of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Korsakoff’s syndrome results from thiamine deficiency and is caused by alcohol abuse, dietary deficiencies, or the effects of chemotherapy
T/F: The Papez circuit includes the amygdala.
false – The Papez circuit is an early view of the neuroanatomy of emotions and did not include the amygdala.
The structures included are: - cingulate cortex
- hippocampus - hypothalamus (mammillary bodies)
- anterior nuclei of thalamus
The mesocorticolimbic pathway (rewards system) involves dopaminergic projections from _____ to ______
the ventral tegmental area to the ventral striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex.
T/F: In the higher order theory of emotional consciousness, subcortical survival circuits primarily generate emotions.
false – in the higher order theory of emotional consciousness, both subcortical AND cortical circuits contribute to the perception of emotions, through parallel-distributed processing.
Which area of the brain creates a conscious construction of how we feel (i.e. trust, empathy)?
A: Anterior cingulate cortex
B: Orbitofrontal cortex
C: Anterior insula
D: Ventral tegmental area
C
Which brain area integrates information from both the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system to detect conflict and inform decision making?
A: Posterior insula
B: Hypothalamus
C: Nucleus accumbens
D: Anterior cingulate cortex
D
Which pathway is involved in delayed gratification?
A: Mesocorticolimbic pathway
B: Orbitofrontal-striatal circuit
C: Ventromedial prefrontal-amygdala pathway
D: Anterior insula-anterior cingulate cortex circuit
B – the OFC and dlPFC that are involved in this pathway help to inhibit immediate gratification in order to achieve long term goals.
T/F: The ventromedial prefrontal cortex amplifies fear responses from the amygdala, leading to increased stress and anxiety.
false – the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is thought to SUPPRESS fear responses from the amygdala when activated
Which brain area is most strongly associated with intrinsic motivation?
A: Anterior cingulate cortex
B: Orbitofrontal cortex
C: Amygdala
D: Anterior insula
D
T/F: Ronald enjoys gardening and feels motivated to work in his garden for several hours a week. This is an example of extrinsic motivation.
False – this is an example of INTRINSIC motivation
Which area of the brain is activated when we make autonomous decisions based on our preferences?
A: Hippocampus
B: Posterior insula
C: Amygdala
D: Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
D – remember, volition is different from volitional decision-making, which is also known as autonomous self-regulation
