MODULE 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Select the structures that are in the first level of the limbic system.

A: Subcallosal area
B: Amygdala
C: Nucleus accumbens
D: Parahippocampal gyrus
E: Hippocampus
F: Orbitofrontal cortex
G: Cingulate cortex

A

A, D, E, & G

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2
Q

Select the structures that are in the second level of the limbic system.

A: Amygdala
B: Hippocampal formation
C: Hypothalamus
D: Prefrontal cortex
E: Uncus
F: Thalamic nuclei

A

A, C, D, & F

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3
Q

T/F: Long-term potentiation involves activation of NMDA receptors, which allow Ca2+ (calcium) ions to enter cells of the hippocampus.

A

true

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4
Q

Jon rode his bike to the park. This activity involves what type of memory?

A

non-declarative procedural memory

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5
Q

T/F: Korsakoff’s syndrome may result in memory loss due to recurrent seizures in the temporal lobe.

A

false – this is true of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Korsakoff’s syndrome results from thiamine deficiency and is caused by alcohol abuse, dietary deficiencies, or the effects of chemotherapy

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6
Q

T/F: The Papez circuit includes the amygdala.

A

false – The Papez circuit is an early view of the neuroanatomy of emotions and did not include the amygdala.

The structures included are: - cingulate cortex
- hippocampus - hypothalamus (mammillary bodies)
- anterior nuclei of thalamus

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7
Q

The mesocorticolimbic pathway (rewards system) involves dopaminergic projections from _____ to ______

A

the ventral tegmental area to the ventral striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex.

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8
Q

T/F: In the higher order theory of emotional consciousness, subcortical survival circuits primarily generate emotions.

A

false – in the higher order theory of emotional consciousness, both subcortical AND cortical circuits contribute to the perception of emotions, through parallel-distributed processing.

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9
Q

Which area of the brain creates a conscious construction of how we feel (i.e. trust, empathy)?

A: Anterior cingulate cortex
B: Orbitofrontal cortex
C: Anterior insula
D: Ventral tegmental area

A

C

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10
Q

Which brain area integrates information from both the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system to detect conflict and inform decision making?

A: Posterior insula
B: Hypothalamus
C: Nucleus accumbens
D: Anterior cingulate cortex

A

D

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11
Q

Which pathway is involved in delayed gratification?

A: Mesocorticolimbic pathway

B: Orbitofrontal-striatal circuit

C: Ventromedial prefrontal-amygdala pathway

D: Anterior insula-anterior cingulate cortex circuit

A

B – the OFC and dlPFC that are involved in this pathway help to inhibit immediate gratification in order to achieve long term goals.

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12
Q

T/F: The ventromedial prefrontal cortex amplifies fear responses from the amygdala, leading to increased stress and anxiety.

A

false – the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is thought to SUPPRESS fear responses from the amygdala when activated

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13
Q

Which brain area is most strongly associated with intrinsic motivation?

A: Anterior cingulate cortex

B: Orbitofrontal cortex

C: Amygdala

D: Anterior insula

A

D

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14
Q

T/F: Ronald enjoys gardening and feels motivated to work in his garden for several hours a week. This is an example of extrinsic motivation.

A

False – this is an example of INTRINSIC motivation

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15
Q

Which area of the brain is activated when we make autonomous decisions based on our preferences?

A: Hippocampus
B: Posterior insula
C: Amygdala
D: Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

A

D – remember, volition is different from volitional decision-making, which is also known as autonomous self-regulation

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