module 8 notecards Flashcards
dominant gene
shows itself when two opposing characteristics are present
recessive gene
hidden unless two recessive genes are present
allele
one pair of genes– for example: T or t
genotype
two allele sets, the genes you have actually have (TT, Tt, TT)
homozygous genotype
both alleles are the same (TT or tt)
heterozygous
one allele is dominant, the other recessive (Tt)
phenotype
what it looks like or gene expressing itself
diploid cells
cells with full set of chromosomes
haploid cells (gametes)
sex cells with half sets of chromosomes
sperm cell+ ovum cell=
diploid cell
Gregor Mendel
father of genetics
monohybrids
combining one trait between two individuals
pedigree
diagram that follows a phenotype they several generations
dihybrids
combining two traits between two individuals
autosomes
all chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual (1-22 in humans)
sex chromosomes
chromosomes that do determine the sex of an individual (23 for humans)
sex linked traits
traits that only travel in the sex chromosomes (X^h)
polygenetic inheritance
trait that results from several chromosome genes interacting (eye color— 15 + 19)
incomplete dominance
neither allele is dominant so they blend together
codominance
both alleles are present in equal strength (blood type AB)
Mandela 4 principles:
a) traits are determined by genes
b) 2 alleles make up the genotype for a trait
c) each parent contributes 1 allele per trait to offspring
D) if a dominant trait is present, it will be expressed
antigen
protein jersey covering on your blood cells
