module 5 notecards

Question 1

mass

Answer 1

the amount of matter of an object is made up of

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

protons (+) sand neutrons (-)

Question 3

electrons

Answer 3

negatively charged particles, moving around the outside of the nucleus of atom

Question 4

element

Answer 4

a collection of atoms with the same number of protons

Question 5

isotopes

Answer 5

a collection of atoms with the same number of protons but different neutrons

Question 6

molecules

Answer 6

chemicals that result from atoms linking together- same atoms or different (compounds)

Question 7

ionic bonds

Answer 7

metals plus nonmentals- giving or taking electrons between the atoms

Question 8

covalent bonds

Answer 8

nonmedals plus nonmedals - sharing electrons

Question 9

hydrogen bond

Answer 9

hydrogen bonding to either O or N, slight polarity causes H+ and O-; N-

Question 10

physical change

Answer 10

generally reversible, molecules keep their characteristics

Question 11

chemical change

Answer 11

not reversible, molecules give up their characteristics to form a new chemical

Question 12

solution=

Answer 12

SOLVENT (largest portion, can be liquid or gas) + SOLUTE (substance being dissolved)

Question 13

concentration

Answer 13

how much solute is in solution

Question 14

diffusion

Answer 14

molecular movement from high solute concentration to low solute concentration

Question 15

osmosis

Answer 15

solvent travels toward high solute concentrations

Question 16

semipermeable membrane

Answer 16

allows some molecules in, keeps some molecules out

Question 17

organic molecule

Answer 17

contains carbon + H O N S or P

Question 18

biosynthesis

Answer 18

a living organism makes a substance (plants make glucose)

Question 19

carbohydrates

Answer 19

Carbon + water molecule

Question 20

monosaccharides

Answer 20

carbohydrate with 3-10 carbon atoms (glucose, fructose)

Question 21

disaccharides

Answer 21

carbohydrates made up with two monosaccharides (sucrose)

Question 22

pollsaccharides

Answer 22

carbohydrates made up of 3 or more monosaccharides (starch, cellulose)

Question 23

hydrolysis

Answer 23

breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

Question 24

cellulose

Answer 24

makes up cell walls in plants bacteria Protozoa and fungi

Question 25

glycogen

Answer 25

starch that people and animals make to store energy

Question 26

acids

Answer 26

molecules realises H+ when mixed in a solution, pH 0-6.9, sour

Question 27

bases

Answer 27

molecules that realise OH- in solution, pH 7.1-14, slimy feel

Question 28

KNOW NEUTRALIZATION EQUATION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATION

Answer 28

see packet

Question 29

lipids

Answer 29

glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 30

hydrophobic

Answer 30

lacking an affinity to water (don’t mix with water)

Question 31

saturated fat

Answer 31

a lipid with no double bonds between carbon atoms. (not good for your heart) solid at room temperature

Question 32

unsaturated fat

Answer 32

a lipid with at least one double bond between carbon atoms. (good for you) liquid at room
temperature

Question 33

proteins

Answer 33

made up of amino acids

Question 34

peptide bond

Answer 34

a bond that links amino acids together in a protein

Question 35

enzymes

Answer 35

special class of proteins that act as catalysts for many of the chemical reactions that support life

Question 36

DNA

Answer 36

DeoxyriboNucleicAcid– a double chain of chemical units called nucleotides. nucleotide bases are made up of 4 times.

A. adenine
G. guanine
C. cytosine
T. thymine

Question 37

phosphate group

Answer 37

makes up the backbone of the DNA chain

Question 38

deoxyribose

Answer 38

(a simple sugar) supports the nucleotide chains and connects them to the phosphate group

Question 39

hydrogen bonding in DNA

Answer 39

links the nucleotide together in a chain in a weak chemical bond, making it easy for DNA to unravel

Question 40

matter

Answer 40

anything that has mass and takes up space