module 5 notecards Flashcards
mass
the amount of matter of an object is made up of
nucleus
protons (+) sand neutrons (-)
electrons
negatively charged particles, moving around the outside of the nucleus of atom
element
a collection of atoms with the same number of protons
isotopes
a collection of atoms with the same number of protons but different neutrons
molecules
chemicals that result from atoms linking together- same atoms or different (compounds)
ionic bonds
metals plus nonmentals- giving or taking electrons between the atoms
covalent bonds
nonmedals plus nonmedals - sharing electrons
hydrogen bond
hydrogen bonding to either O or N, slight polarity causes H+ and O-; N-
physical change
generally reversible, molecules keep their characteristics
chemical change
not reversible, molecules give up their characteristics to form a new chemical
solution=
SOLVENT (largest portion, can be liquid or gas) + SOLUTE (substance being dissolved)
concentration
how much solute is in solution
diffusion
molecular movement from high solute concentration to low solute concentration
osmosis
solvent travels toward high solute concentrations
semipermeable membrane
allows some molecules in, keeps some molecules out
organic molecule
contains carbon + H O N S or P
biosynthesis
a living organism makes a substance (plants make glucose)
carbohydrates
Carbon + water molecule
monosaccharides
carbohydrate with 3-10 carbon atoms (glucose, fructose)
disaccharides
carbohydrates made up with two monosaccharides (sucrose)
pollsaccharides
carbohydrates made up of 3 or more monosaccharides (starch, cellulose)
hydrolysis
breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
cellulose
makes up cell walls in plants bacteria Protozoa and fungi
glycogen
starch that people and animals make to store energy
acids
molecules realises H+ when mixed in a solution, pH 0-6.9, sour
bases
molecules that realise OH- in solution, pH 7.1-14, slimy feel
KNOW NEUTRALIZATION EQUATION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATION
see packet
lipids
glycerol + 3 fatty acids
hydrophobic
lacking an affinity to water (don’t mix with water)
saturated fat
a lipid with no double bonds between carbon atoms. (not good for your heart) solid at room temperature
unsaturated fat
a lipid with at least one double bond between carbon atoms. (good for you) liquid at room
temperature
proteins
made up of amino acids
peptide bond
a bond that links amino acids together in a protein
enzymes
special class of proteins that act as catalysts for many of the chemical reactions that support life
DNA
DeoxyriboNucleicAcid– a double chain of chemical units called nucleotides. nucleotide bases are made up of 4 times.
A. adenine
G. guanine
C. cytosine
T. thymine
phosphate group
makes up the backbone of the DNA chain
deoxyribose
(a simple sugar) supports the nucleotide chains and connects them to the phosphate group
hydrogen bonding in DNA
links the nucleotide together in a chain in a weak chemical bond, making it easy for DNA to unravel
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
