Module #8: Molecular Structure Flashcards
Valence Electrons
The electrons that exist farthest from an atom’s nucleus. They are generally the electrons with the highest energy level number
Noble gases
Atoms in the 8A column of the chart
Octet rule
Most atoms strive to attain eight valence electrons
(Hydrogen strives for two)
Ion
An atom that has gained or lost electrons and thus has become electrically charged
Ionization
The process by which an atom turns into an ion bu gaining or losing electrons
Ionization Potential
The amount of energy needed in order to take an electron away from an atom
Periodic Property
A characteristic of atoms that varies regularly across the periodic chart
Electronegativity
A measure of how strongly an atom attracts extra electrons to itself
Covalent bond
A shared pair of valence electrons that holds atoms together in covalent compounds
What are the noble gasses properties?
- Very low-energy situation, ideal electron configuration
- Rarely undergo a chemical change, rarely participate in chemical reaction, inert substances
- All noble gases have 8 valence electrons except for Helium
Inert substance
An element which does not easily react with other chemicals
Lewis structures created by Gilbert N. Lewis are analogous with __?
Electron-Dot Diagrams
In ionic compounds, metals try to ____ electrons to get 8 valence electrons.
In ionic compounds, metals try to loose electrons to get 8 valence electrons.
In ionic compounds, nonmetals try to ___ electrons to get 8 valence electrons.
In ionic compounds, nonmetals try to gain electrons to get 8 valence electrons.
What is the naming convention for positive ions?
Positive ions have the same name as the atom from which they came.
