Module #11: The Chemistry Of Solutions

Question 1

What is an Exothermic Process?

Answer 1

A process that releases heat

Question 2

What is an Endothermic process?

Answer 2

A process that absorbs heat

Question 3

Define Solubility.

Answer 3

The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent.

Question 4

What is a Saturated Solution?

Answer 4

A solution in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved.

Question 5

Define Molality (m).

Answer 5

The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent

m = # moles solute / # kg solvent

Question 6

What is a Solute?

Answer 6

The substance that we are dissolving.

Question 7

What is a Solvent?

Answer 7

The substance that we are dissolving the solute in.

Question 8

What is a Solution?

Answer 8

Solute + Solvent = Solution

Question 9

Define Insoluble.

Answer 9

When water cannot dissolve that substance.

Question 10

What is the Solubilty unit?

Answer 10

Grams of Solute / 100.0 grams of Solvent

Question 11

Define Precipitation.

Answer 11

The process by which a solid solute leaves a solution and turns back into its solid phase.

Question 12

For solid solutes, solubility usually ____ with increasing temperature

Answer 12

For solid solutes, solubility usually increases with increasing temperature

Question 13

Is the solubility of liquid solutes affected by temperature?

Answer 13

No, the solubility of liquid solutes is not affected by temperature

Question 14

Is the solubility of gases affected by temperature?

Answer 14

Yes, the solubility of gases decreases with increasing temperature

Question 15

Does pressure affect the solubility of gases?

Answer 15

Yes, increasing pressure increases the solubility of gases.

Question 16

Does pressure affect the solubility of liquids or solids?

Answer 16

No, pressure does not affect the solubility of either liquids or solids.

Question 17

What is the Freezing-point Depression phenomenon?

Answer 17

When a solvent has a lower freezing point when it has a solute dissolved in it.

Question 18

What is the Freezing-Point Depression formula?

Answer 18

ΔT = -(i) • Kf • m

Question 19

What do the symbols/letters stand for the Freezing-Point Depression formula?

Answer 19

ΔT : Change in freezing temperature
i : Number of molecules, ions, that the solute splits into when dissolved
Kf : Freezing-point depression constant, a constant the depends solely on the chemical nature of the solvent ([degrees] C/m)
m : Molality of the solution

Question 20

What is Freezing-Point analogous to?

Answer 20

Freezing-Point analogous to the Melting-Point

Question 21

What is the Boiling-Point Elevation phenomenon?

Answer 21

When a solvent has a higher boiling temperature when it has a solute dissolved in it.

Question 22

What is the Boiling-Point Elevation formula?

Answer 22

ΔT = i • Kb • m

Question 23

What do the symbols/letters in the Boiling-Point Elevation formula stand for?

Answer 23

ΔT : Change in boiling temperature
i : Number of molecules, ions, that the solute splits into when dissolved
Kb : Boiling-point depression constant, a constant the depends solely on the chemical nature of the solvent ([degrees] C/m)
m : Molality of solution

Question 24

What does the solubility of any solute depend on?

Answer 24

The solubility of any solute depends both on the identity of the solute and the identity of the solvent.