Module #11: The Chemistry Of Solutions Flashcards
What is an Exothermic Process?
A process that releases heat
What is an Endothermic process?
A process that absorbs heat
Define Solubility.
The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent.
What is a Saturated Solution?
A solution in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved.
Define Molality (m).
The number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
m = # moles solute / # kg solvent
What is a Solute?
The substance that we are dissolving.
What is a Solvent?
The substance that we are dissolving the solute in.
What is a Solution?
Solute + Solvent = Solution
Define Insoluble.
When water cannot dissolve that substance.
What is the Solubilty unit?
Grams of Solute / 100.0 grams of Solvent
Define Precipitation.
The process by which a solid solute leaves a solution and turns back into its solid phase.
For solid solutes, solubility usually ____ with increasing temperature
For solid solutes, solubility usually increases with increasing temperature
Is the solubility of liquid solutes affected by temperature?
No, the solubility of liquid solutes is not affected by temperature
Is the solubility of gases affected by temperature?
Yes, the solubility of gases decreases with increasing temperature
Does pressure affect the solubility of gases?
Yes, increasing pressure increases the solubility of gases.
Does pressure affect the solubility of liquids or solids?
No, pressure does not affect the solubility of either liquids or solids.
What is the Freezing-point Depression phenomenon?
When a solvent has a lower freezing point when it has a solute dissolved in it.
What is the Freezing-Point Depression formula?
ΔT = -(i) • Kf • m
What do the symbols/letters stand for the Freezing-Point Depression formula?
ΔT : Change in freezing temperature
i : Number of molecules, ions, that the solute splits into when dissolved
Kf : Freezing-point depression constant, a constant the depends solely on the chemical nature of the solvent ([degrees] C/m)
m : Molality of the solution
What is Freezing-Point analogous to?
Freezing-Point analogous to the Melting-Point
What is the Boiling-Point Elevation phenomenon?
When a solvent has a higher boiling temperature when it has a solute dissolved in it.
What is the Boiling-Point Elevation formula?
ΔT = i • Kb • m
What do the symbols/letters in the Boiling-Point Elevation formula stand for?
ΔT : Change in boiling temperature
i : Number of molecules, ions, that the solute splits into when dissolved
Kb : Boiling-point depression constant, a constant the depends solely on the chemical nature of the solvent ([degrees] C/m)
m : Molality of solution
What does the solubility of any solute depend on?
The solubility of any solute depends both on the identity of the solute and the identity of the solvent.
