Module 8- Energy Balance Flashcards
Exam 4
What are the total energy components?
- Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)- this is the most energy expended
- Physical activity
- Thermic effect of food (TEF)
Thermic effect of food (TEF)
Digest, absorb, transport, metabolize, and store ingested nutrients
What is the percentage of calories expended for the processes of TEF?
10%
The thermic effect of protein is?
30%
What is BMR required for?
breathing, heartbeat, brain, organ function, etc.
What are the two subcomponents of physical activity?
- Exercise
- Non-Exercise Activated Thermogenesis (NEAT)
What is Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)?
Equations developed to estimate energy requirements
Codes for the protein leptin
acts as a hormone to regulate intake and energy expenditure
Released by adipose tissue; levels increase as fat increases
When you go up and down in weight what is happenning?
stressing the hormones, this is why people need to maintain a healthy body weight
What are the types of body fat?
- White adipose tissue
- Brown adipose tissue
White adipose tissue
- Stored fat to be used for energy
- Oxidized to form ATP, some heat released
- coupled reactions
What does white adipose tissue contribute to?
visceral and subcutaneous fat
Brown adipose tissue
- Releases stored energy as heat
- Defends against cold
- highly metabolic
- activation declines with age and obesity
- oxidation uncoupled
What kind of tissue is brown adipose tissue?
highly metabolic tissue
Why is brown adipose tissue brown?
has an enormous amount of mitochondria
Brown adipose does break things down but it does not produce what?
Brown adipose tissue does not produce ATP (energy)
What is UCP-1?
- Uncoupling protein
- this protein “undoes” something
- highly expressed in brown adipose tissue.
Where is UCP-1 highly expressed?
UCP-1 is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue
What does UCP-1 uncouple?
UCP-1 uncouples oxidated phosphorylation
Beige adipocytes
- takes on characteristics of brown fat
- white fat converts into this beige fat by exercise
- more metabolic than white adipose tissue
What is more metabolic than white adipose tissue?
beige adipose tissue
How many minutes a day for physical activity?
30
How many minutes a week from physical activity?
150
phentermine
they increase lipolysis and beta oxidation
Surgical treatments for obesity requirements
- BMI over 35
- Have to have risk factors
- must be at least over 100 pounds of your ideal body weight
Surgical Treatment
makes the stomach smaller
Roux-en-Y (Gastric Bypass)
- creates a small pouch that becomes a person’s stomach, bypassing the duodenum and jejunum.
- causes malabsorption, vitamin deficiency, mineral deficiency
Vertical Gastric Sleeve
- works through decreasing size of the stomach
- restrictive
AspireAssist
- can eat as much as they want
- drains the stomach contents