Module 8- Energy Balance

Question 1

What are the total energy components?

Answer 1

• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)- this is the most energy expended
• Physical activity
• Thermic effect of food (TEF)

Question 2

Thermic effect of food (TEF)

Answer 2

Digest, absorb, transport, metabolize, and store ingested nutrients

Question 3

What is the percentage of calories expended for the processes of TEF?

Answer 3

10%

Question 4

The thermic effect of protein is?

Answer 4

30%

Question 5

What is BMR required for?

Answer 5

breathing, heartbeat, brain, organ function, etc.

Question 6

What are the two subcomponents of physical activity?

Answer 6

• Exercise
• Non-Exercise Activated Thermogenesis (NEAT)

Question 7

What is Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)?

Answer 7

Equations developed to estimate energy requirements

Question 8

Codes for the protein leptin

Answer 8

acts as a hormone to regulate intake and energy expenditure
Released by adipose tissue; levels increase as fat increases

Question 9

When you go up and down in weight what is happenning?

Answer 9

stressing the hormones, this is why people need to maintain a healthy body weight

Question 10

What are the types of body fat?

Answer 10

• White adipose tissue
• Brown adipose tissue

Question 11

White adipose tissue

Answer 11

• Stored fat to be used for energy
• Oxidized to form ATP, some heat released
  
  • coupled reactions

Question 12

What does white adipose tissue contribute to?

Answer 12

visceral and subcutaneous fat

Question 13

Brown adipose tissue

Answer 13

• Releases stored energy as heat
• Defends against cold
• highly metabolic
• activation declines with age and obesity
• oxidation uncoupled

Question 14

What kind of tissue is brown adipose tissue?

Answer 14

highly metabolic tissue

Question 15

Why is brown adipose tissue brown?

Answer 15

has an enormous amount of mitochondria

Question 16

Brown adipose does break things down but it does not produce what?

Answer 16

Brown adipose tissue does not produce ATP (energy)

Question 17

What is UCP-1?

Answer 17

• Uncoupling protein
• this protein “undoes” something
• highly expressed in brown adipose tissue.

Question 18

Where is UCP-1 highly expressed?

Answer 18

UCP-1 is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue

Question 19

What does UCP-1 uncouple?

Answer 19

UCP-1 uncouples oxidated phosphorylation

Question 20

Beige adipocytes

Answer 20

• takes on characteristics of brown fat
• white fat converts into this beige fat by exercise
• more metabolic than white adipose tissue

Question 21

What is more metabolic than white adipose tissue?

Answer 21

beige adipose tissue

Question 22

How many minutes a day for physical activity?

Answer 22

30

Question 23

How many minutes a week from physical activity?

Answer 23

150

Question 24

phentermine

Answer 24

they increase lipolysis and beta oxidation

Question 25

Surgical treatments for obesity requirements

Answer 25

- BMI over 35 - Have to have risk factors - must be at least over 100 pounds of your ideal body weight

Question 26

Surgical Treatment

Answer 26

makes the stomach smaller

Question 27

Roux-en-Y (Gastric Bypass)

Answer 27

- creates a small pouch that becomes a person's stomach, bypassing the duodenum and jejunum. - causes malabsorption, vitamin deficiency, mineral deficiency

Question 28

Vertical Gastric Sleeve

Answer 28

- works through decreasing size of the stomach - restrictive

Question 29

AspireAssist

Answer 29

- can eat as much as they want - drains the stomach contents