Module 8 - diagnostics Flashcards
Random specimen (routine urinalysis or collection for other tests such as urine electrolytes)
can be collected during normal voiding, from an in-dwelling catheter or a urinary diversion collection bag. collected in a clean specimen cup.
Midstream (clean voided) specimen (culture and sensitivity)
collected in a sterile specimen cup
Catheter specimen (culture and sensitivity and other tests)
if a patient has an in-dwelling catheter, a specimen can be collected using aseptic technique through the special port.
Timed urine specimen (for measuring levels of adrenal cortical steroids or hormones, creatinine clearance or protein quantity tests)
time required between collections may be 2, 12 or 24 hours.
what does cloudy urine indicate?
high protein concentrations or because of bacteria
what is urine specific gravity measure of?
the weight/degree of concentration of a substance compared with an equal amount of water
what does pH of urine provide information about?
acid-base balance. Acid pH helps protect against bacteria growth
why is protein a sensitive indicator of renal function?
damage to the glomeruli or renal tubules allows protein to enter the urine
renal calculi
kidney stones - stones lodged in the renal pelvis and pass through the ureters
ketones (none) in a routine laboratory value
patients whose diabetes mellitus is poorly controlled experience breakdown of fatty acids.. Ketones are end products of fat metabolism. patients with dehydration, starvation or excessive aspirin usage also may have ketonuria
Ova sand parasites exam
Microscopic evaluation of stool sample that is used to look for parasites that may infect the lower digestive tract, causing symptoms such as diarrhea. The parasites and their eggs are shed from the lower digestive tract into the stool
Fecal occult blood test
Used to check stool samples for hidden blood. Doesn’t indicate potential sources of bleeding just presence of absence of blood. Some food can cause a false positive
Routine recap analysis
A stool sample is collected in a clean container and then sent to the laboratory. It can help diagnose conditions such as parasites, viruses, or bacteria, poor nutrient absorption or cancer
Culture and sensitivity test
A culture test finds germs that can cause an infection. A sensitivity test checks to see what kind of medicine such as an antibiotic will work best to treat the illness or infection
Why is it significant to strain your urine for renal calculi (kidney stones)
Kidney stone analysis test is done on it to see what chemicals are in it. This can lead to treatment and give information on how to prevent more stones from forming.
