module 7 - Urinary and bowel elimination

Question 1

Kidneys

Answer 1

remove waste from the blood to form urine

Question 2

ureters

Answer 2

transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Question 3

bladder

Answer 3

reservoir for urine until the urge to urinate develops

Question 4

urethra

Answer 4

urine travels from the bladder and exits through the urethra meatus

Question 5

micturition

Answer 5

urination; act of passing urine voluntarily

Question 6

oliguria

Answer 6

diminished capacity to form and pass urine

Question 7

anuria

Answer 7

cessation of urine production

Question 8

incontinece

Answer 8

involuntary loss of urine

Question 9

dysuria

Answer 9

painful or difficult urination

Question 10

hematuria

Answer 10

abnormal presence of blood in the urine

Question 11

nocturia

Answer 11

urination at night

Question 12

retention

Answer 12

accumulation of urine in the bladder as a result of inability to empty

Question 13

stoma

Answer 13

opening in abdominal wall for fecal or urinary elimination, constructed from a section of colon or small intestine

Question 14

sigmoid colostomy

Answer 14

colostomy in the descending or sigmoid colon generally results in a stool similar to that normally passed through the rectum

Question 15

ileostomy

Answer 15

an opening in the ileal portion of the small intestine, fecal ostomies can be temporary or permanent

Question 16

ileal pouch and anal anastomosis

Answer 16

• pouch, external or internal

- continent ileostomy, ileal pouch anal anastomosis

Question 17

Safety guidelines to ostomy pouches

Answer 17

1) change ostomy pouches before they become full to avoid leakage
2) wear gloves during pouch and stoma care to reduce exposure and transmission of infectious microorganisms
3) know the signs of a healthy stoma and peristomal skin

Question 18

three factors that affect urination

Answer 18

sociocultural, psychological, and pathophysical

Question 19

four types of urine specimen collected

Answer 19

random specimen, clean-voided or midstream specimen, catheter specimen, timed urine specimen

Question 20

define fecal occult blood test and what may cause false positive results

Answer 20

measure microscopic amounts of blood in the feces. Food such as red meat, poultry, fish, some raw vegetables, vitamin c and some drugs can cause a false positive.

Question 21

what are major complications associated with diarrhea

Answer 21

excess loss of colonic fluid can result in serous fluid, electrolyte or acid-base imbalances.

Question 22

after position a patient with a bed pan you should

Answer 22

raise the head of the bed 30 degress to prevent hypertension of the back and provide support to upper torso