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Integrative Neuroimmunology > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Which side of a ferrite magnet will stimulate the neurology?

A

South

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2
Q

Which area of the brain generally requires oxygen or RNA for accurate AK testing?

A

Frontals

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3
Q

. What is the expected muscle inhibition pattern with an up or down-regulated hemisphere?

A

IL hip flexor and Soleus

CL shoulder extensor

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4
Q

Which muscles often become inhibited with an up-regulated frontal lobe?

A

Contralateral neck extensors

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5
Q

Which neurotransmitters(modulators) are commonly low with an up-regulated frontal lobe?

A

Serotonin and dopamine

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6
Q

. How does a neuromodulator differ from a neurotransmitter?

A

A neurotransmitter primarily affects ionotropic receptors and has a short term affect whilst
neuromodulators effect metabotropic receptors and induce a longer lasting effect which
modulates the impact of NTs and long term function of the neuron

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7
Q

What function does the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) have on brain function?

A

Increases level of arousal/vigilance and improves noise to signal ration in the brain

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8
Q

Why does pyrolurria have such a profound effect on Frontal and left Temporal lobe
function?

A 
Frontals and left Temporal lobe are associated with protein deficiencies. Pyrroluria results in
decreased unfolding (digestion) of protein structures in the stomach (decreased HCL)
resulting in a lower ability of proteases to break down which ultimately results in lower
systemic protein levels. Pyrolurria has also been shown to be associated with lower levels of
arachadonic acid.
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9
Q

Why is the copper:zinc ratio more important than overall zinc level?

A

It gives a functional interpretation of both copper and zinc metabolism whilst indicating the
level of MT function

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10
Q

What is the normal value for the copper to zinc ratio?

A

0.8 – 1.0

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11
Q

List 3 ways serotonin can be elevated without supplementation

A

Exercise
Sunlight
Burn vanilla

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12
Q

Why is tetrahydrobiopterin and zinc so crucial for healthy monoamine function?

A

Involved in all monoamine metabolism. BH4 is the rate limiting factor for monoamine
production whilst Cu:zn ratio regulates the production of serotonin, dopamine and
norepinephrine

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13
Q

How does histone methylation influence monoamine neurotransmitters?

A

Decreases production of reuptake proteins therefore increases NT activity

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14
Q

How does histone acetylation influence monoamine neurotransmitter function?

A

Increases production of reuptake proteins therefore decreases NT activity

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15
Q

Why must one be careful providing folate to an under-methylator?

A

Folates can inhibit deacetylase, increasing acetylation, which can result in lowered serotonin
levels

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16
Q

Sine and Square sound waves have what influence on hemispheric tone?

A

Sine wave stimulates hemispheric tone

Square wave inhibits hemispheric tone

17
Q

List 3 ways one can assess whether a hemisphere is up-regulated or down-regulated?

A

North or South pole of magnet, sine or square wave, counting/singing

18
Q

How do left and right hemispheres affect speech?

A

Left hemisphere is associated with syntax and actual word choice
Right brain is associated with emotional content and intonation

19
Q

Which fats seem to help calm up-regulated brain lobes?

A

Frontals - DPA
Left parietal– Linoleic
Left Temporal – Arachidonic (Protein deficiency)
Right hemispheric - Linolenic

20
Q

Which fats seem to help stimulate down-regulated lobes?

A

Frontals – Erucic
Left Parietal – DHA
Left Temporal –EPA
Right hemisphere - GLA

21
Q

What are the three main categories of saturated fat?

A

Short, medium and long chain fatty acids

22
Q

How are SCFAs produced and what is their primary function?

A

Produced from fermentation of dietary fibre by probiotics

These are used directly for intestinal energy

23
Q

What is the influence of LCT on insulin and LDL levels?

A

It creates insulin resistance and elevates LDL levels

24
Q

How do MCT and LCT differ in metabolism?

A

LCT - do not cross BBB therefore cannot be used as an energy source in the CNS
Do not enter the liver directly. They enter the lymphatic system then peripheral
tissues THEN the liver

25
Q

What substance is uniquely elevated by C6-C10 fatty acids that can aid in immune and brain
function?

A

Ketones

26
Q

List 5 ways Ketones can aid neurology.

A 
Reduce free radicals/oxidative stress
Decreases excitotoxicty
Elevate BDNF
Improve mitochondrial function
Energy source for CNS
Reduced glutamate and increased GABA production
27
Q

Which supplements may aid an up-regulated left hemisphere?

A

Pyrrole support, Acetylation support, Norepinephrine/serotonin support (Phospholipase A2
support for arachadonic acid production)

28
Q

Which supplements may aid an up-regulated right hemisphere?

A

Methylation Support

29
Q

Which supplements can be used to enhance brain oxygenation?

A

Vinpocitene
Gingko
Resveratrol

30
Q

Which fat may be the most important fat for brain health?

A

DPA as helps regulate frontal lobes

31
Q

Dysfunction of which neurotransmitters may result in anxiety or depression?

A

Decreased Serotonin and dopamine

Excessive levels of NE

32
Q

Which neurotransmitter is greatly influenced by sunlight?

A

Serotonin

33
Q

Acetylcholine can be elevated by which supplement?

A

Huperzine

34
Q

Why is inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase not an issue for ongoing neurological support?

A

It does not undergo homotropic modulation

35
Q

Why might a person crash after taking neurotransmitter support?

A

If the supplement drives the neuronal pool past its metabolic ability to cope, neuronal
fatigue. This is often associated with neuronal inflammation.

36
Q

What is the most valid, cost-effective way of monitoring mental illness in practice?

A

Self-report forms

37
Q

ow can transcranial magnetic therapy or hyperbaric therapy improve mental illness?

A

Allows stimulation of pathways without active patient compliance

Integrative Neuroimmunology (8 decks)

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