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Integrative Neuroimmunology > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the hippocampus so unique with regards to brain rehabilitation?

A

Believed to have neural stem cell proliferation throughout life

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2
Q

Which 2 herbs have a profound effect on Hippocampal health?

A

a. Cordyceps

b. Rhodiola

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3
Q

What can be done to rehabilitate the hippocampus?

A

a. Spatial awareness, memory and navigation exercises
b. Aerobic exercise
c. Reduce cortisol damage
d. Provide support

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4
Q

What type of fat is best to use in cooking?

A

Saturated

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5
Q

Arachidonic acid can be obtained by which 2 means?

A

a. Can be ingested primarily in animal fats
b. Manufactured in the body (Can be synthesized from linoleic acid (except in neurons), Can be
obtained from stores by breaking down membranes)

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6
Q

Which 3 factors influenced by Phospholipase predispose to cardiovascular disease?

A

a. Creates platelet aggregating factor and thromboxanes
b. Travels with LDL cholesterol
c. Hydrolyses oxidized phospholipids in LDL

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7
Q

Which neurotransmitter primarily stimulates Phospholipase A2?

A

Norepinephrine (Also serotonin mild)

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8
Q

Which prostaglandins are inflammatory and anti-inflammatory?

A

a. PG1, 3 – anti inflammatory

b. PG2 - inflammatory

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9
Q

What is the function of Leukotrienes?

A

Pain receptor sensitisation

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10
Q

What is special about the Delta 5 Desaturase enzyme (D5D)?

A

a. Prefers omega 3 FA resulting in low production of AA

b. Stimulated by insulin

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11
Q

What are the main symptoms associated with insulin dysfunction?

A

a. Peri-obesity
b. Dry mouth
c. Postural fatigue
d. Easily frustrated/stressed
e. High blood glucose
f. Fatigue 3-4pm
g. High cholesterol/triglycerides
h. Hungry/Tired after meals

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12
Q

What is type 3 diabetes and what is the insulin link?

A

a. Alzheimer’s

b. Insulin resistance = Alzheimer’s (direct correlation)

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13
Q

Give 3 ways early cardiovascular decline can be seen

A

a. Franks sign – loss of tissue in ear lobe leading to a distinctive fold forming on the lobe
b. Build-up of cholesterol around iris
c. Peri-obesity

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14
Q

How can pyrolurria alter pancreatic function?

A

Reduced HCl production can lessen exocrine pancreatic function

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15
Q

How can immune derived insulin dysfunction be differentiated from insulin resistance on labs?

A

a. Reduced ability to produce insulin in autoimmune dysfunction as opposed to excessive production
b. Antibodies to GAD enzyme

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16
Q

List 4 things that can be taken/eaten that can lead to insulin dysfunction

A

a. Gluten – autoimmunity leading to pancreatic destruction
b. Caffeine
c. Poor quality carbohydrates
d. High quantity carbohydrates
e. The pill
f. Trans fats
g. Potentially Long Chain Saturated fat

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17
Q

Describe key physical and AK examination findings of insulin resistance

A

a. Inhibition of pancreatic associated muscles (lats,triceps)
b. VRP tenderness
c. Increased waist circumference
d. Increased waist to hip ratio
e. Skin tags
f. Pigmentation changes
g. Dryness ulceration

18
Q

How does caffeine influence Beta cell function? How is this seen in AK testing?

A

a. Caffeine drives Beta cell function

b. This can initiate inhibition associated pancreatic muscles

19
Q

How does insulin influence oestrogen and testosterone production? What are the effects?

A

a. High insulin levels activate enzymes in the periphery that increase conversion of
i. Oestrogen to testosterone in women
ii. Testosterone to oestrogen in men

20
Q

Why are most lab assessments for insulin dysfunction fundamentally flawed?

A

Most labs look for glucose regulation as a marker of insulin resistance. This is fundamentally flawed
as glucose metabolism can be normal due to excessive insulin levels or vice versa

21
Q

What are 3 key dietary modifications that should be made for the insulin resistant patient?

A

a. Carbohydrate quality
b. Carbohydrate quantity
c. Increased Fat consumption
d. Increased protein consumption can help in some instances by providing building blocks for
receptor health

22
Q

How can mitochondrial dysfunction be assessed and corrected using AK?

A

a. Aerobic and anaerobic challenge testing
b. Where there is an imbalance in anaerobic capacity vs aerobic then the individual needs to alter the
current exercise regime and carbohydrate intake to move the system more towards an ideal state

23
Q

Give 3 mechanisms by which neural inflammation can be reduced

A

a. Luteolin, Resveratrol, cordyceps
b. Vagal stimulation
c. Improved barrier protection system
d. Improved blood glucose regulation
e. Improved neural excitation/cortisol production

24
Q

At which location is the Blood Brain Barrier most vulnerable?

A

. Medial temporal lobe and cerebellum

25
Q

What is the primary chemical involved in pyroluria?

A

HPL – hydroxyhemopyrrolin-2-1

26
Q

What is considered the most toxic metal to humans?

A

Cadmium

27
Q

What will displace zinc from metalothionein?

A

a. Mercury
b. Copper
c. Cadmium
d. Silver

28
Q

Name the main antioxidant systems

A

a. SOD
b. Catalase
c. Glutathione
d. Metallothionein

29
Q

List the nutrient deficiencies seen in Pyrolurria

A

a. Zinc
b. P5P
c. Biotin
d. GLA, ALA

30
Q

What is the effect of PBG and HPL on brain function?

A

Neurotoxic and has been shown to affect neurotransmission (neural excitation)

31
Q

What is the primary cause of low zinc?

A

High copper levels

32
Q

List the factors that influence gut permeability

A

a. Stress
b. Infection
c. Reactive foods

33
Q

How does the body remove excess iron from the system?

A

There is no known mechanism for the removal of iron from the system but a small amount daily is
lost through the sloughing of skin and mucosal cells

34
Q

Describe the testing procedure for a breached barrier system

A

a. Check for intact IM
b. Place TH1 and TH2 vials on patient
c. Inhibition of IM with TH1 and TH2 vial on patient will indicate breached BPS due to reactive food
consumption
d. All muscles will be inhibited except where they relate to the specific area of breach
e. Check associated muscles with TH1 and TH2 on the patient – the affected areas will have an intact/
facilitated muscle response
f. Remove the TH1 and TH2 vials
g. Check the associated muscles where the breaches were found against gluten, lactose and casein
h. The associated muscles will be inhibited by the breaching substance
i. When the breaching substance is found place it on the patient in the midline and utilise an IM (no
TH1/TH2 vial)
j. Check for cross reactors known for each substance by placing them on the body in the midline with
the primary breaching substance
k. Have the patient remove the reactive substance permanently and the cross reactors for two weeks
l. After approximately three to six weeks the BPS should be clear if the primary breaching substance
and cross reactors have been strictly removed

35
Q

What effect does glyphosphate have on the gut biome?

A

Kills gut bacteria

36
Q

What substance assists probiotic adhesion?

A

IgA

37
Q

List the most common foods that cause barrier system breach

A

a. Lactose
b. Casein
c. Gluten

38
Q

What is the purpose of the thymus – blood barrier?

A

Separate naïve immune cells from the hosts tissues to prevent autoimmunity

39
Q

List 5 foods that have molecular mimicry with gluten

A

a. Soy
b. Quinoa
c. Sweet potato
d. Zein
e. Casein
f. Muesli
g. Coffee
h. Eggs
i. Oats
j. Rice
k. Whey

40
Q

Which foods cross react with Lactose?

A

a. Methylxanthines

b. Rice

41
Q

Which nerve has profound effect gut integrity?

A

Vagus

42
Q

Describe 3 ways in which the barrier protection system can be assessed through non-AK means

A

a. Lactulose – mannitol is a lab test for leaky gut
b. Fast deep breathing resulting in lung irritation/coughing for leaky lung
c. GABA challenge - taken a few hours before sleep and if the patient has a cognitive decline or
lowering of brain excitation it is seen as a positive BBB breach

Integrative Neuroimmunology (8 decks)

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