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Integrative Neuroimmunology > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main target of a TH2 response

A

To Kill extracellular pathogens – primarily Parasites

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2
Q

What is the main purpose of a TH1 response

A

To kill intracellular pathogens

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3
Q

What cells are considered professional antigen presenting cells

A

a. Dendritic
b. Macrophages
c. B Lymphocytes
d. NB – any nucleated cell can be a an APC but the dedicated cells are the ones listed above

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4
Q

What are IgE antibodies associated with

A

a. Allergies

b. Parasites

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5
Q

What is the first lymphocyte activated in the non-specific immune response

A

Mast cells

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6
Q

List 4 causes of immune system dysregulation

A

a. BPS disruption (infection and diet)
b. Infection (VDR pathogens and parasites)
c. HPA dysfunction
d. Insulin dysregulation

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7
Q

Why are females more likely to have autoimmune disorders?

A

a. Higher levels of estrogen (drives the immune system)
b. Genetics on X chromosome
c. Smaller hippocampus therefore more vulnerable to HPA dysfunction
d. Microchmerism
e. They deserve it

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8
Q

What interleukin is released by the T helper cell when it binds to a B cell

A

Lymphokines

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9
Q

What are the primary cytokines associated with a TH1 response

A

a. IFN gamma

b. IL2

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10
Q

What cytokine inhibits macrophages

A

IFN gamma activates macrophages whilst IL13 and IL4 inhibit macrophages

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11
Q

. What are the cells activated in a TH1 response?

A

a. Macrophages
b. Neutrophils
c. NK cells

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12
Q

What are the cells activated in a TH2 response?

A

a. Mast cells

b. Basophils

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13
Q

What activates production of antimicrobial defense mechanism within a cell

A

Vitamin D – 1,25 OH(D)

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14
Q

Where are dendritic cells normally located?

A

Periphery

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15
Q

Where are TH17 cells normally located

A

They are located primarily in the mucosal barrier system

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16
Q

Describe a TH3 response

A

A TH3 response is utilized when an infection has been dealt with and inhibits the TH1 and TH2
responses

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17
Q

What is the reason there is upregulation of the VDR during the non-specific immune response?

A

To produce a latency

18
Q

What are the primary cytokines involved in a TH2 response?

A

a. IL4

b. IL5

19
Q

What do they (IL4 & IL5) do?

A

a. IL4 drives TH2 differentiation and IgE class switching

b. IL5 drives recruitment of eosinophils and IgA production

20
Q

What is the significance of immune system dysregulation?

A

Can alter hemispheric brain function and thus alter the ANS and virtually every structure in the body

21
Q

What do we have to correct before we do any immune work?

A

a. Correct HPA dysfunction
b. Correct insulin dysregulation
c. Correct BPS breaches (infectious and dietary)

22
Q

List 3 substances that stimulate the Th2 aspect of immune function?

A

a. Green tea
b. Caffeine
c. Grape seed
d. Pine bark
e. White willow
f. Pycnogenol

23
Q

List 3 substances that stimulate the Th1 aspect of immune function?

A

a. Astragalus
b. Echinacea
c. Beta glucan – mushrooms (eg mataike)
d. Licorice
e. Melissa officaianlis

24
Q

Dysfunction of which aspects of the immune system lead to autoimmune disease?

A

TH1, TH2, TH3, TH17, Treg, virtually any

25
Q

If the recommended dose of herb X is 2ml taken three times daily, what dose should be given to a child of
35kg?

A

2ml/70kg X 35kg = 1ml 3 times a day

26
Q

What can be done to elevate Pregnenalone?

A

Chloride based supplementation eg. MgCl, Chastee Tree Berry, Increase fat intake, Withania

27
Q

When providing licorice what things MUST be taken into account?

A

a. Synergy with other herbs
b. Never use on its own
c. Doubles half-life of cortisol
d. Drives estrogen production
e. TH1 stimulator
f. Never give during pregnancy
g. Always give at low dose for short periods

28
Q

Which herbs can be given to a pregnant mum suffering with the flu?

A

Only herbs proven to be safe in pregnancy! Eg. Ginger

29
Q

What symptoms are often associated with low s-IgA and what can be done to elevate it?

A

a. Recurrent Upper Respiratory/Ear infections

b. Chlorella, SB probiotics will elevate s-IgA, balance HPA Axis

30
Q

What is the term for bacterial communication?

A

Quorum sensing

31
Q

What are the differences between a Gram Negative and Positive in relation to structure and toxin release?

A

a. Gram positive have a single wall and gram negative have a double wall structure
b. Gram negative release endotoxins whilst both release exotoxins (most commonly gram positive)

32
Q

What is the predictable muscle pattern for someone with poor right hemispheric function and how may this
be associated with immune changes?

A

a. Right hip flexor and soleus
b. Left shoulder extensors
c. Right hemisphere inhibits T and B cell production therefore a decreased right hemisphere can result
in an increase in immune activity

33
Q

CV and GV meridians are associated in what way with immune and pelvic floor function?

A

a. GV – TH1
b. CV – TH2
c. Pelvic floor is the only muscle in the body with influence from both CV and GV therefore is sensitive
to immune changes and is also influenced by hemispheric patterns

34
Q

What seems to be the effect of Th2 dysfunction on the development of a child’s cranial structures?

A

Maxillary retraction

35
Q

What type of cranial faults seem associated with immune changes?

A

Inspiratory assisted

36
Q

Which meridian seems key to the immune-primary respiratory mechanism link?

A

LI

37
Q

Which herb can prevent the onset of a respiratory infection through primarily blocking receptor availability?

A

Echinacea

38
Q

Which infection, lymphatic and special assessment is associated with a right internal frontal fault?

A

Rickettsia, Left axillary, right eye photosensitivity

39
Q

Which herb can shut down gram negative’s efflux pumps?

A

Liquorice

40
Q

Synergist or immune supporting herbs should be given at what level of the dose range?

A

Bottom of the range

Integrative Neuroimmunology (8 decks)

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