*Module 8 Flashcards
What is required to be on nutrition facts panel?
Servings, Serving size, Calories, Total fat (saturated and trans), Cholesterol, Sodium, Total carbs (dietary fiber, total sugars, added sugars), Protein, Vitamin D, Calcium, Iron, Potassium
What vitamins are not required to be on nutrition facts panel?
Vitamins A and C
What is the goal of calorie counting?
Weight loss and maintenance
Estimated calorie needs depend on?
Age, sex, physical activity level
What system does Weight Watchers use?
A points system based on nutrition of a given food
Carb Counting/Control is a focus for patients with?
Diabetes Mellitus
What does the diabetes plate method focus on?
Nonstarchy vegetables, carbohydrate foods, protein foods
What does MyPlate.gov focus on?
Fruits, vegetables, grains, protein
What is the Glycemic Index based on?
Not all carbs impact blood glucose the same way
What is the glycemic index (GI)?
The effect a specific amount of food has on blood glucose compared to the same amount of pure glucose
What does Glycemic Load (GL) tell you?
How potent a carb is at raising blood sugar
What is considered a High Glycemic Index?
70-100
What is considered a Moderate Glycemic Index?
55-69
What is considered a Low Glycemic Index?
<55
What are the key features of Atkins diet phase 1?
20 grams of NET carbs per day, specific acceptable foods, vegetables, proteins, healthy fats, 4 oz of hard cheese, eat every 3-4 hours, plenty of water: 6-8 glasses per day, add extra salt for electrolytes, could sip or add extra broths to food, no alcohol in phase 1, limited artificial sweeteners
What are the key features of Atkins diet phase 2?
Increases net carb intake, allows berries, melon, tomatoes, etc.
What are the key features of Atkins diet phase 3?
Intro to starchy vegetables, fruits, and grains, scale back on foods that cause cravings, lasts until target weight is maintained for 30 days
What is Classic keto?
Very high fat (75-90% of calories), relatively low protein (5-20%), extremely low carb (5%)
Who is highly controlled keto recommended for?
Children with uncontrolled epilepsy
What is the formula for Net carbs?
Total carbs - fiber - sugar alcohols - allulose
What is the DASH diet designed to prevent/treat?
HTN and may also lower LDL cholesterol
What foods are focused on in the DASH diet?
Vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish, poultry, beans, nuts, fat-free or low-fat dairy
What nutrients are DASH diet foods rich in?
Potassium, calcium, magnesium, fiber, protein
What does the DASH diet limit?
Sodium intake, added sugars, saturated fats, full fat dairy, alcohol
What is the ORNISH diet?
A vegetarian diet that is very low in fat
What does the ORNISH diet recommend avoiding?
Refined and added sugars, animal protein, saturated fats, refined grains
What is the daily calorie breakdown for the ORNISH diet?
10% healthy fats, 20% animal protein, 70% carbohydrates
What does the Mediterranean diet mostly focus on?
Plant-based foods such as fruits and veggies, beans, nuts, seeds, whole grain breads, small portions of yogurt, cheese, poultry, eggs
What do you get twice weekly on the Mediterranean diet?
Fish and seafood
What does the Mediterranean diet use in place of butter?
Olive oil
What does the Mediterranean diet limit?
Red meat and sweets
What diet has the 9 major food allergens in the US as primary food sources?
Mediterranean diet
What is the Mediterranean-DASH (aka MIND) diet known for?
An intervention for neurodegenerative delay
What is the Keyto Diet?
Keto with a Mediterranean twist, emphasizing olive oil, avocados, nuts, fish, vegetables
What is the Tyramine Diet used for?
Patients taking Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAO-Is)
What are highlighted medications that are Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAO-Is)?
Isocarboxazid (Marplan®), Phenelzine (Nardil®), Selegiline (Emsam®), Tranylcypromine (Parnate®)
What foods should be avoided on the Tyramine diet?
Aged cheese, alcohol, dried meats, fermented products, soy products, banana peel extract and overripe/spoiled fruits
What does increased amounts of tyramine lead to?
Excessive release of norepinephrine
What can excess release of norepinephrine cause?
Vasoconstriction and increase in blood pressure, potentially leading to hypertensive crisis and stroke
What is a hypertensive crisis?
BP greater than 180/120
What are signs of hypertensive crisis?
Severe headache, N/V, nosebleeds, chest pain, shortness of breath, vision changes, sweating, stiff neck, sharply elevated BP
What do Renal and Dialysis Diets focus on?
Fluid intake, protein, salt, potassium, phosphorus
What are the two main causes of kidney failure?
Diabetes and HTN
What are complications of kidney failure?
Anemia, metabolic acidosis, mineral and bone disorders, hyperkalemia
What is the eGFR for Stage 3a of CKD?
45-59
What is the eGFR for Stage 4 of CKD?
15-29
When does med adjustment for eGFR usually start in CKD?
Stage 3a
When do we start seeing many meds be contraindicated?
Stage 4
What is considered fasting?
People still consume water and zero-calorie beverages such as black coffee and tea
What does a vegetarian diet exclude?
Meat but may still include eggs, dairy, and other animal products
What does a vegan diet exclude?
All animal products including meat, eggs, dairy, honey, or other animal-derived products such as gelatin
What are elimination diets?
Remove certain foods and slowly & systematically add them back to assess how a person reacts
What are the top 9 food allergens in the US?
Peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soybeans, sesame, milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish
What is the Low-FODMAP diet specifically for?
Identifying and reducing foods that irritate the gut and cause GI distress
What does FODMAP stand for?
Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, polyols
What is the process in the Low-FODMAP diet for reintroducing foods?
Foods get reintroduced one at a time and patients will eat that food for a few days in increasing quantities to test tolerance threshold
What are Autoimmune Protocol (AIP) Diets focused on?
Food-based triggers of inflammation
Who are Autoimmune Protocol (AIP) Diets used for?
Patients with chronic inflammation or with autoimmune disorder disease states
What are the phases of Low-FODMAP diet and Autoimmune Protocol (AIP) Diets?
Elimination phase, reintroduction phase, maintenance phase
