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Biology > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

groups of similar cells performing a similar function

A

Tissue

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2
Q

consists of skin and structures
embedded in the skin, such
as hair and nails.

A

Integumentary system

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3
Q

consists of a
number of glands and secretory
tissues that produce signaling
molecules

A

Endocrine System

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4
Q

outer layer of skin
-mostly dead skin cells

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

The middle layer
- Where hair follicles are

A

Dermis

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6
Q

– inner layer
* Fatty skin tissue

A

Hypodermis

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7
Q

consists of sensory structures containing nervous tissue, and in vertebrates it includes organs such as the eyes, all the nerves, the spinal cord, and the brain.

A

Nervous System

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8
Q

is a framework of support
for vertebrates that includes the bones, cartilage, and ligaments.

A

Skeletal System

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9
Q

produces the force
that moves structures within the body

A

Muscular System

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10
Q

Are specialized arrangement
of cells to achieve a specific
objective

A

Organ Systems

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11
Q

a complex network of cells, tissues, organs, and proteins that protects the body from harmful substances, germs, and cell changes

A

Immune Systems

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12
Q

generates gametes, and in many vertebrates it
facilitates the merger
of the gametes inside
the female body

A

Reproductive System

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13
Q

is the chemical breakdown of food

A

Digestion

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14
Q

the first step in the
digestive process

A

Ingestion

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15
Q

are large broadcast systems to message the entire body

A

Hormones

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16
Q

Animals that eat plants and fungi are

A

herbivores

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17
Q

Animals that eat other animals are

A

carnivores

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18
Q

eats both plants and animals

A

omnivores

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19
Q

eat the organic matter that is
left over as dead organisms decompose.

A

Detritivores

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20
Q

is the main component of the human digestive system and consists of a tubular pathway with accessory organs.

A

Digestive Tract

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21
Q

contains enzymes that break
down starches and it also moistens and lubricates the food.

A

Saliva

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22
Q

The flap that covers the trachea during swallowing so that food does not enter the lungs.

A

Epiglottis

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23
Q

is a muscular sac that stores food.

A

Stomach

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24
Q

Not a part of the digestive tract, but are attached and play essential roles

A

Accessory Organs

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25
Q

pushes food into the stomach

A

Esophagus

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26
Q

the sheet of
epithelial cells that makes up
the lining extends in fingerlike
projections known as

A

Villie

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27
Q

Finally, the plasma membrane
of the epithelial cells has
fingerlike projections called

A

Microvillie

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28
Q

is a thin, highly coiled and
very long tube

A

Small Intestine

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29
Q

After the remaining minerals and water have been reabsorbed, residual matter enters the_________where it is prepared for
removal from the body as waste

A

Large Intestine

30
Q

is a modified portion of the esophagus
that can expand and store food until it can be safely digested.

A

Crop

31
Q

which grinds food with small pebbles or sand grains that the animal ingests for this purpose.

A

Gizzard

32
Q

are digestive systems where there is
only one opening, functioning as
both an mouth and anus.

A

Closed Digestive System

33
Q

are responsible for maintaining water and
solute homeostasis in terrestrial vertebrates.

A

Kidneys

34
Q

The glomerulus lies in a cup-shaped capsule that opens at its far end into a U-shaped

A

Tubule

35
Q

Blood enters and leaves each nephron through a highly branched tuft of capillaries called

A

Glomerulus

36
Q

The bronchi divide into a series of ever-smaller branches
called

A

Bronchioles

37
Q

which leads to a series of ever-larger tubes that eventually drain into the ureter, which drains into the bladder.

A

Collecting duct

38
Q

where gases are exchanged across the moist surface of the thin layer of epithelial cells that line each alveolar sac.

A

alveoli

39
Q

The oxygen-binding pigment in humans is called

A

hemoglobin

40
Q

When amphibians breather through their skin

A

Cutaneous respiration-

41
Q

enables an animal to bring oxygen into the body while expelling carbon dioxide.

A

Respiratory System

42
Q

is an internal transport system consisting
of tube like blood vessels, a muscular heart, and fluids that carry gases, nutrients, and wastes long distances throughout the body

A

Circulatory System

43
Q
  • The circulatory system of vertebrates is called the
    Consists of heart, blood vessels, and blood
A

Cardiovascular System

44
Q

allow the exchange of materials
between the blood and the surrounding
interstitial fluid and cells

A

Capillaries

45
Q

bring blood back to the heart via a
network of increasingly larger vessels.

A

Veins

46
Q

The upper chambers of the heart

A

atria

47
Q

the lower, larger
chambers

A

Ventricles

48
Q

that carry blood from the heart for distribution to the body and s branch many times to form a control the flow of blood to the capillaries

A

arterioles

49
Q

branch many times to form a
network of arterioles

A

Arteries

50
Q

The two chambers on the right side of the
heart receive blood returning from the
systemic circuit that is low in oxygen and
laden with CO2 and pump it through the

A

pulmonary circuit

51
Q

The chambers on the left side of the heart
receive oxygenated blood returning from the lungs and pump it through the

A

systemic
circuit

52
Q

a functional unit of the kidney that filters blood, reabsorbs substances, and excretes waste products in the form of urine

A

Nephron

53
Q

the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle relaxes and fills with blood

A

Diastole

54
Q

the contraction of the heart’s ventricles that forces blood into the arteries and increases blood pressure

A

Systole

55
Q

exocrine glands that produce, modify, and secrete saliva into the oral cavity

A

Salivary Gland

56
Q

The large air passages that lead from the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs.

A

Bronchi

57
Q

a digestive system that has a clear beginning and end

A

Open Digestive System

58
Q

a biological system where blood mixes with interstitial fluid and flows freely through cavities in the body

A

Open Circulatory System

59
Q

a biological system where blood is kept within vessels and the heart as it moves through the body

A

Closed Circulatory System

60
Q

the process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide through an organism’s skin or outer surface

A

Cutaneous Respiration

61
Q

What is the main function of the integumentary system

A

It is to protect the body from infections and injuries and regulates body temperatures

62
Q

What is the main function of the endocrine system

A

It is to produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

63
Q

What is the main function of the nervous System

A

It is to send messages from various parts of the body to your brain and from your brain back out to the body to tell your body what to do

64
Q

What is the main Function of the skeletal system

A

It is to provide support for the body

65
Q

What is the main function of the muscular system

A

to produce movement by contracting muscles attached to bones. (movent, support, protection, heat generation, blood circulation)

66
Q

What is the main function of the immune system

A

It is to protect the body from harmful substances, germs, and cell changes

67
Q

What is the main function of the Reproduction system

A

to reproduce, generate gametes

68
Q

What is the main function of the digestive system

A

It is to digest and absorb food and eliminate waste products

69
Q

What is the main function of the urinary system

A

Removes liquids waste (nitrogen waste) from the blood through urine, maintains a balance of salts in blood and produces erythropoietin

70
Q

What is the main system of the Circulatory system

A

To transport oxygen (through blood) and nutrients to cells through the body

71
Q

What is the main function of respiratory system

A

It is to take in oxygen from the environment and deliver it to the body’s cells

72
Q

What is the main function of the kidneys

A

To filter waste from the blood and return clean blood to the body

Biology (12 decks)

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