Module 3 Flashcards
is the metabolic pathway that transforms light energy from the sun into the chemical energy of food molecules (sugars)
photosynthesis
– organisms that use energy from chemical reactions to generate ATP and produce organic compounds from
inorganic substances
Chemoautorophs
– does photosynthesis for energy.
Photoautoroph
start photosynthesis by absorbing light, splitting water molecules, and producing energy carriers for the next stage.
Light Reactions
uses those energy carriers to
convert CO2 into glucose (sugar)
Calvin Cycle
absorbs light energy, which drives the synthesis of energy carriers.
Chlorophyll
catalyzes the first step in carbon fixation: the linking of a 5-carbon acceptor molecule (RuBP) to carbon dioxide, producing organic molecules (two molecules of PGA)
Rubisco
are pores located on the leaves
(usually on the lower leaf
surface); these regulated
pores open to enable
entry of carbon dioxide
Stomata
transports water
xylem
transports nutrients
Phloem
– the process plants use to pump water to, and out of, leaves
Transpirtation
n is the oxygen-dependent breakdown of energy molecules to release a form of energy that is usable within a cell, making CO2 and H2O as by-products:
Cellular Respiration
enzyme-catalyzed reactions break sugar molecules into smaller molecules, generating ATP.
Glycolysis
, molecules produced by glycolysis are broken to release carbon dioxide, generating energy carriers (some ATP and many molecules of NADH)
Kreb’s Cycle
membrane-bound protein complexes remove electrons and protons from NADH in an oxygen-dependent process that generates many molecules of ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation
