Module 8

Question 1

national health service

Answer 1

universal coverage funded by taxation

Question 2

social insurance

Answer 2

universal coverage is provided within a social security framework and funded by employer/individual contributions

Question 3

private insurance

Answer 3

purchase of private insurance by employers or indidvuals which is risk oriented

Question 4

healthcare systems are funded by

Answer 4

1. Tax revenues
   
   2. Social or state insurance
   3. Private insurance
   4. Direct payment by user

Question 5

most healthcare systems are facing these challenges:

Answer 5

• Growing healthcare expenditures over the last three decades
  
  • Aging populations and changing healthcare needs
  • Expansion of medical technology and treatments availible
  • Rising public expectations and demands

Question 6

acute care

Answer 6

• Hospitals
  
  • Emergency care
  • Day surgeries

Question 7

primary care

Answer 7

• General practicroners
  
  • Mental health cneter
  • Health promotion

Question 8

long term care

Answer 8

• Residential care
  
  • Home care
  • Pallative care

Question 9

impacts of population aging

Answer 9

• Expected to result in increased pressures on health care systems due to
  ○ Incresing life expectancy
  ○ Large proportion of older adults living with chronic conditons
  ○ 40% of acute hospital stays are older adults
  ○ 95% of people in rsidential care and 82% of home care clients are older adults
  ○ Approximaetly two thirds of older adults use 5 or mor prescription medications
  
  • Research suggests population againg will not bankrupt our healthare system. However an aging population, increase life expectancy, and increased burden of chronic diseases means that health care needs are shifting and there is a greater need for complex and long term care

Question 10

pharmaceuticals and new technologies

Answer 10

• Emerging contributers to the increases in healthcare costs
  ○ New technology can include the introduction of new porducts and techniques
  ○ Technologies that prevent diseases pay off in long run but technologies that treat symptoms usually increase costs
  
  • 2016 we spent more on pharmaceuticals than phsycian care

Question 11

privatization and prioritization of healthcare

Answer 11

• Privitization: increased control and involvement by private groups
  
  • May mean delivery of service by private providers, increased reliance on family and non profits to provide care, provision of health care services as market goods and payments of services out of pocket