Module 12

Question 1

aging in western societies

Answer 1

Populations generally older
Care by daughters
Few multigeneratioal households
Reliance of government and formal services

Question 2

aging in eastern societies

Answer 2

Early stages of population aging in many countries
Principle of filial piety
Care by eledest son
Parents often live with eldest son
Limited formal services

Question 3

history of immigration in canada

Answer 3

○ Canada has been a country of immigrants
○ Up unti the 1950s immigrants were almost exclusively from european countries
○ Visible miority groups: people who are non caucaisan or non white in colour were few number and often encountered racist government policies and discrimination
○ In 1967 canada developed a point system which rates immigrants on their skills, education and language rather than ethnicity
○ Asian countries are now the main source of immigrants for canada

Question 4

classes of immigrants in canada

Answer 4

• Skilled workers and professionals, business immigrants, family sponsored, provincial nominees, temporary workers, and refugees

Question 5

challenges for immigrant older adults

Answer 5

• Langauge barriers when accessing services
  
  • Lack of culturally senstive health and social services
  • Lack of econmic security and access to retirement income

Question 6

ethnic diversity in canada

Answer 6

• Most common visible minority were chinese and east indian

Question 7

linguistic diversity in canada

Answer 7

52% idenitfied english s their mother togue, 24.4% french and 23.1% a non offical language

Question 8

theories on ethnicity and aging

Answer 8

• Levelling theory: age acts as a leveller and dimish inequalities
  
  • Buffer theory: effects acts as a buffer to the impacts of aging
  • Multiple jeporardy theory: ethnicity is one of multiple factors which can compound to place older adults in jeporady of old age

Question 9

aboriginal older adults in canada

Answer 9

• Elders are seen as a source of knowledge and wisdom, keepers of traditonal, hitorical and cultural knowledge
  
  • Used to refer to the three population groups: first nations, metis and inuit
  • Many elders were subject to assimilation policies where children were taken away from their families and sent to residential schools
    At residential schools aboriginal children were prevented from practicing their cultrue or language and some were subject to abuse

Question 10

theories

Answer 10

• Stratification theory; propose that indidivuals can be stratified based on a number of aspects in additon to age
  Cumulatice disadvntage theory

Question 11

race ethnicity and inequality

Answer 11

• Ethnic mnority older adults living in us canada and europe expereince income inequality
  
  • A number of factors contirbute to these patterns of inequality, including racial discrimination, employyment patterns of inequality, including racial discrimination emploment patterns, immigration status and lower levels of education
  • Visible minorities normally have lower retirement incomes and retire later

Question 12

aging experiences of women

Answer 12

• Longer life expectancy of women compared to men
  
  • Increased liklihood of expereincing debilitating disease and disability for women
  • Women are more likely to live as widows and to live alone later in life
  • Women have less consistent work histories than men which leads to increased risk of poverty during later life
  • Feminization of poverty: higher risk of poverty for women
    ○ Women make up 75% of unattached low income seniors, and seperated/divorced women have the highest rates of poverty

Question 13

gender recognition and welfare states

Answer 13

• Women are often penalzied by pension systems for
  ○ Being homemakers or working outside the regular labour force
  ○ Working part time
  ○ Disruptions in labour force enviroment