module 8 Flashcards
How many chemical compounds with a significant number of toxic and carcinogenic chemicals does cigarette smoke contain?
over 4,000
When a patient is experiencing muscle weakness, confusion, seizures, fluid retention, the provider may determine these symptoms are caused from a hormone-like substance that cancer cells sometimes produce. What is this syndrome called?
Paraneoplastic Syndrome
How many new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed annually?
2.1 million
What is the most common, first step, in diagnosing lung cancer?
Performing an X-ray
What type of therapy is used to specifically target a patient’s immune system in advanced cancer?
Keyword immune
Immunotherapy
Approximately 80 percent of breast cancers are ductal carcinomas. Roughly 10 percent of breast cancers are:
LCIS and ILC
Which of the following is a mastectomy that also removes part chest wall muscle?
Radical mastectomy
What percentage of people diagnosed with colorectal cancer are over the age of 50?
90
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of possible colorectal cancer?
Ongoing pelvic or lower abdominal pain, cramping, bloating or gas
Providers may order different stool tests to diagnosis colorectal cancer. Which test uses a chemical to detect occult blood in the stool?
gFOBT
Which of the following is not considered a common symptom of cervical cancer?
Amenorrhea
Leukemia is usually treated by a hematologist-oncologist, doctors who specialize in blood disorders and cancer. Treatment will depend on the cancer type and stage, as well as the patient’s age and overall health. Which type of therapy uses reengineered cells to attack the cancer?
CAR T-cell therapy
The rate at which leukemia progresses and how the cells replace the normal blood and marrow cells vary with each type of leukemia. Which leukemia is considered the least common of the four main types?
ALL
Staging is the way cancers are classified; it indicates the size or extent of cancer spread and the degree to which other parts of the body are affected. Several tests can be used to assess disease type, staging, and progression. Which test looks for specific markers on the surface of the leukemia cells?
Immunophenotyping
lthough the exact cause of prostate cancer remains unclear, certain risk factors make it more likely. Which of the following is NOT a likely cause for a higher risk factor?
Asian ethnicity
The ACS recommends all men talk with their healthcare provider to help them decide if prostate cancer screening is right for them. At what age is this recommended for someone who has had more than one close relative diagnosed with prostate cancer before the age of 65?
40
What are the two main types of lung cancer?
Small Cell and Non-small Cell
Which of the following is NOT a breathing hazard that may cause lung cancer?
water
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic imaging test used to diagnose breast cancer?
biopsy
Which of the following is NOT listed as a high risk factor that increases a women’s chances of being diagnosed with breast cancer?
Breast feeding for more than one year
Breast cancer is broken down into types and stages. These two characteristics combined helps determine treatment options for the patients. How many main stages are there for breast cancer?
5
ccording to the ACS (American Cancer Society), women who are at an average risk for breast cancer can begin having mammograms every other year at what age?
Women 55 and older
Colorectal cancer originates from cells in the _____________ that overgrow and spread to surrounding tissue and other parts of the body.
Inner wall of the large intestine
Dietary factors may play a role in the risk of being diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Which of the following presents a lower risk?
Diets high in vegetable and high-fiber foods
