Module 7:Point of care and laboratory proceduresP2

Question 1

What are three stages that must be applied to each test/ procedure in a lab? and what happens if any stage is missed or not done coreectly

Answer 1

1. prenanyltical phase:
2. anaytlical phase:
3. pot snautical phase:
   if ny are missed or not done coreectly then QA is broken

Question 2

What occurs during the prwnaltical stage of labortory pricedures?

Answer 2

1. The doctor orders a test to check on the patient’s health.
2. A lab request form is filled out, either on paper or electronically.
3. A sample is collected from the patient, labeled correctly, and prepared.
4. The sample is sent to the lab for testing, either in-house or to an external lab if needed

Question 3

what are some common errors that occur during th epreanayltica phase?

Answer 3

wrong test request
order entry error
misidentifcation of a patient
mislabeling

Question 4

What occurs during the analytic pahse?

Answer 4

1. instrumenst are maonatoned/ca;ibertaed
2. controls are run and anysled for eaxh testing method
3. speiman is tested and the results are comapred
4. test results are documented in HR

Question 5

Common errors of anayltic phase:

Answer 5

1. equpment mlfuncions
2. sampe mix up
3. undicated failure of qulaity controls
4. procedures not followed correctly

Question 6

What occurs during the post anyltic phase?

Answer 6

1. specimans are properly discarded
2. anaysle sof controlled results are comapred over time
3. pateint resuts from outside laborteries are documented.
4. patinet signs al lab reports
5. final results+ all communciation with a patinet is documented

Question 7

Common errors of post anaytlic phase?

Answer 7

faliure to rept
improper data entry
excessive turnaround time

Question 8

What is tympanometry? and what are the normal/ abnormal results?

Answer 8

test performed to determine presence of fluid/ potential infections in the middle ear
normal- peak on graph
abnormal- flat line

Question 9

How is vision testing recorded and what does the fraction represent?

Answer 9

is recorded as a fraction
numerator= distance at which test is performed
denominator- the distance at which a typical patient can read the line
EX- 20/20 vision= ability to see at 20 feet what a typical person sees at 20 feet

Question 10

what is a snellen chart:

Answer 10

an eye chart used to measure visual acuity

Question 11

Define the following vision- related conditions:
presbyopia:
hyperopia:

Answer 11

• refractive disorder that occurs with the aging eye
• farsightedness

Question 12

what is an Ishihara test and what is the most common type of color defeicney:

Answer 12

is a test used to asses eyes for color deficiency. most common color defiecney is red- green

Question 13

What do hearing tests do and why are their unit of measurement:

Answer 13

use an audiometer to measure visual acuity at different frequiencies
sound amplitude- decibels
sound frequency= hertz

Question 14

What is a normal hearing for an adult and child?

Answer 14

adult= below 25 decibels
child- below 15 decibels

Question 15

Antihistamines

Answer 15

meds used it relieve symptoms of allergies

Question 16

What is an interdermal alleergy testing and where is it conducted?

Answer 16

conducted on forearm or upper back. Used to determne if an individual is allergic to an specgic antigen.

Question 17

What is spirometry pr pulmonary function test?

Answer 17

detects lungs’ ability to function, and measure how fast patient can move air out and how much air they can move out in/out of lungs

Question 18

What are factors taken into consideration when performing spirometry test?

Answer 18

age, gender, weight, height,

Question 19

What are some patient instructions prior for a pulmonary test? and how many times is the test repeated

Answer 19

1. Wear loose clothing
2. be in an upright position
3. take deepest breaths and blow as hard as possible into the machine.
   Test is taken 3 times

Question 20

Prior test prep for a pulmonary test:

Answer 20

1. no large meals 2 hour before test
   no smoking 1 hour before test
   no use of breathing therapies such as inhalers for at least 6 hour before a test.

Question 21

What is a peak flow meter and what does it do?

Answer 21

a device that measures amount of air exhaled forcibly from he lungs. monitors lung function at home and measures FEV for the effectiveness of of airflow out of the lungs

Question 22

Define the following pulmonary tests and their expected value?
1. FEV1
2. FVC
3, Absoulte FEV1/ FVC ratio
4. TLC:
5. FRC:
6. RV:

Answer 22

1. Forced expiratory volume, it is volume of air that a person can exhale in 1 second
   EV- 80-120%
2. Forced vital capacity. the total amount of air that person can exhale after taking a deep breath.
   EV- 80-120%
3. ratio of FEV and FVC. expected value is within 54%
4. total lung capacity
5. Functional residual capacity which Is air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation.
6. the amount of ai that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation= air that can not be forcibly exhaled