Module 3 part 2 Flashcards
What is orthostatic hypo/hyper tension?
a drop or increase in bp during positional changes. Can lead to patient falling or passing out.
What are causes of orthostatic hypo/hyper tension?
Dehydration, heart disease, diabetes, etc
How do you check for orthatsic hypo/hyper tension?
check patient’s bp/pulse rate in different positions. leave 2-5 minutes in between each position
Increased pulse rate of at least 10bpm and decreased bp of at least 20 points between positions = OH
What is pulse and what are the 9 pulse points throughout the body?
a.k.a heart rate, the 9 pulse points are:
1. temporal artery
2. femoral artery
3. popiteal(knee)
4. Pedal (foot)
5. Radial (wrist)
6. Brachial (biceps)
7. Cartoid (neck)
8.Tibial artery (behined knee)
9. Apical (below heart)
What is apical pulse?
a pulse point on the chest at the bottom of the heart. most commonly measure in childern, infants, and adults with irregular heartbeats.
What are factors that impact pulse rates?
patient’s condition, age, time of day, activity level, and meds.
Define the following types of abnormal breathing:
1. Hyperventilation:
2. Hypernea
3. Dyspnea
- fast/rapid breathing.
Cause: intense pain, anixety, panic attacks. - excessively deep breathing
cause: extreme pain or anxiety - diffculit/painful breathing
causes: asthma, physical excertion, penumonia= lungs disease.
- Orthopnea;
- Wheezing
- Rales
- Rhonchi
- dicculity breathing unless in an upright position
- whistling sound while breathing
cause: asthma - small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds
cause: fluid in air sacs - large airway sounds
casue: COPD, chronic bronchitis( long term poor airflow)
What does a pulse oximetry do?
ascertains the % of oxygen saturation in blood, also shows hr.
95% or higher reading= normal for dark skin
Whatis Tempertuare measured in and when is it the highest and lowest?
usually lowest in the morning and highest in the afternoon.
measured orally via a digital thermometer.
How do you convert from Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius?
Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius-
f-32 divided by 1.8
Celsius to fahrenheit:
multply celsius temp by 1.8 and add 32.
What is LMP:
last mestrual period which is to be evaualted or considerd the first day of the previous cycle
What are pediatric measurements:
growth, hight, weight, and head circumference ( only anthropometric measurements are taken as patient ages)
anthropometric meaning:
measurements related to the body.
What are the units for the following metrics: (for pediatric care)
1. Height:
2.weight:
3. HC:
- centimeters/ inches. taken annually
- pounds or ounces (both are used for infants) checked almost every visit.
- at the widest area. inches or centimeters.
at what age is recommended to stop measuring the hc of a child and why?
after 3 years of age since the brain has reached 75% of its growth making unnecessary to continually measure.
Where all the prvious metrics alloted or recorded?
recored in a growth chart whih compare’s a child’s growh to the national standard and gives a standard percetntile.
What are the percentiles given by the growth chart and what do they mean?
less than 5th percentile= underweight
5-85th percentile= healthy weight
85-95= overweight
above- obese
What are the units for weight and how to convert them?
pounds and kilograms
divide the number of lbs by 2.2= kg
kg to lbs= multply the number of kgs by 2.2
define the following:
1. anorexia:
2. bulimia:
1.eating disorder in which a person doesn’t eat a lot in order to lose weight
2. eating disorder of overeating (binge eating)
Define the following disease/disorders related to height:
1. scoloisis:
2. osteoporosis:
- curvature of the spine.
- bone disease that developes when bone density and mass decrease
What is BMI and what does it stand for?
Body mass index. a % used to represent a person’s body fat in relation to their height and weight.
What is the formula for BMI?
weight in kgs divided by the height m squared
OR
weight in lbs divided by height in inches squared times 703
What are the BMI ranges:
18.5% - 24.9%= normal BMI
less than= underweight
greater than= overweright
30% and greater= obese
Impact of factors affecting vital signs?
1. Drinking hot drink
2 .drinking cold drink
3.anxiety
4. smoking
5. excretion
6. Age
7. pain
8. illness
9. beta- blocked meds( meds that lower bp)
- increased oral temp reading
- decreased oral temp reading
- high BP and HR
- High BP and HR
- High BP and HR and lower oxygen level
- higher temp fluctaion in chidlern and lower temp flucataion in older adults
- high BP/HR
8.High temp. - Low BP /HR
