Module 3 part 2

Question 1

What is orthostatic hypo/hyper tension?

Answer 1

a drop or increase in bp during positional changes. Can lead to patient falling or passing out.

Question 2

What are causes of orthostatic hypo/hyper tension?

Answer 2

Dehydration, heart disease, diabetes, etc

Question 3

How do you check for orthatsic hypo/hyper tension?

Answer 3

check patient’s bp/pulse rate in different positions. leave 2-5 minutes in between each position
Increased pulse rate of at least 10bpm and decreased bp of at least 20 points between positions = OH

Question 4

What is pulse and what are the 9 pulse points throughout the body?

Answer 4

a.k.a heart rate, the 9 pulse points are:
1. temporal artery
2. femoral artery
3. popiteal(knee)
4. Pedal (foot)
5. Radial (wrist)
6. Brachial (biceps)
7. Cartoid (neck)
8.Tibial artery (behined knee)
9. Apical (below heart)

Question 5

What is apical pulse?

Answer 5

a pulse point on the chest at the bottom of the heart. most commonly measure in childern, infants, and adults with irregular heartbeats.

Question 6

What are factors that impact pulse rates?

Answer 6

patient’s condition, age, time of day, activity level, and meds.

Question 7

Define the following types of abnormal breathing:
1. Hyperventilation:
2. Hypernea
3. Dyspnea

Answer 7

1. fast/rapid breathing.
   Cause: intense pain, anixety, panic attacks.
2. excessively deep breathing
   cause: extreme pain or anxiety
3. diffculit/painful breathing
   causes: asthma, physical excertion, penumonia= lungs disease.

Question 8

1. Orthopnea;
2. Wheezing
3. Rales
4. Rhonchi

Answer 8

1. dicculity breathing unless in an upright position
2. whistling sound while breathing
   cause: asthma
3. small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds
   cause: fluid in air sacs
4. large airway sounds
   casue: COPD, chronic bronchitis( long term poor airflow)

Question 9

What does a pulse oximetry do?

Answer 9

ascertains the % of oxygen saturation in blood, also shows hr.
95% or higher reading= normal for dark skin

Question 10

Whatis Tempertuare measured in and when is it the highest and lowest?

Answer 10

usually lowest in the morning and highest in the afternoon.
measured orally via a digital thermometer.

Question 11

How do you convert from Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius?

Answer 11

Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius-
f-32 divided by 1.8
Celsius to fahrenheit:
multply celsius temp by 1.8 and add 32.

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Question 12

What is LMP:

Answer 12

last mestrual period which is to be evaualted or considerd the first day of the previous cycle

Question 13

What are pediatric measurements:

Answer 13

growth, hight, weight, and head circumference ( only anthropometric measurements are taken as patient ages)

Question 14

anthropometric meaning:

Answer 14

measurements related to the body.

Question 15

What are the units for the following metrics: (for pediatric care)
1. Height:
2.weight:
3. HC:

Answer 15

1. centimeters/ inches. taken annually
2. pounds or ounces (both are used for infants) checked almost every visit.
3. at the widest area. inches or centimeters.

Question 16

at what age is recommended to stop measuring the hc of a child and why?

Answer 16

after 3 years of age since the brain has reached 75% of its growth making unnecessary to continually measure.

Question 17

Where all the prvious metrics alloted or recorded?

Answer 17

recored in a growth chart whih compare’s a child’s growh to the national standard and gives a standard percetntile.

Question 18

What are the percentiles given by the growth chart and what do they mean?

Answer 18

less than 5th percentile= underweight
5-85th percentile= healthy weight
85-95= overweight
above- obese

Question 19

What are the units for weight and how to convert them?

Answer 19

pounds and kilograms
divide the number of lbs by 2.2= kg
kg to lbs= multply the number of kgs by 2.2

Question 20

define the following:
1. anorexia:
2. bulimia:

Answer 20

1.eating disorder in which a person doesn’t eat a lot in order to lose weight
2. eating disorder of overeating (binge eating)

Question 21

Define the following disease/disorders related to height:
1. scoloisis:
2. osteoporosis:

Answer 21

1. curvature of the spine.
2. bone disease that developes when bone density and mass decrease

Question 22

What is BMI and what does it stand for?

Answer 22

Body mass index. a % used to represent a person’s body fat in relation to their height and weight.

Question 23

What is the formula for BMI?

Answer 23

weight in kgs divided by the height m squared
OR
weight in lbs divided by height in inches squared times 703

Question 24

What are the BMI ranges:

Answer 24

18.5% - 24.9%= normal BMI
less than= underweight
greater than= overweright
30% and greater= obese

Question 25

Impact of factors affecting vital signs?
1. Drinking hot drink
2 .drinking cold drink
3.anxiety
4. smoking
5. excretion
6. Age
7. pain
8. illness
9. beta- blocked meds( meds that lower bp)

Answer 25

1. increased oral temp reading
2. decreased oral temp reading
3. high BP and HR
4. High BP and HR
5. High BP and HR and lower oxygen level
6. higher temp fluctaion in chidlern and lower temp flucataion in older adults
7. high BP/HR
   8.High temp.
8. Low BP /HR