Module 7:Point of care and laboratory procedures

Question 1

What is a lab requisition form and when is it required?

Answer 1

is a physicians order for a lab report. and it is required whenever sending specimens to outside laboratories for testing.

Question 2

What are the correct procedures to follow for filling out and sending lab requisitions:

Answer 2

1. label all collected specimens
2. Label specimens container FOI for patients, date, MA initials and the time it was collected.
3. Verify patient labels on HR before sending

Question 3

What is info required on a lab requistion:

Answer 3

• Patient demographics
• Physician signature or authentication (should be present on all requisitions)
• specific tests ordered
  -source of specimen+date+time collection
  -Diagnosis code related to medical necessity of tests ordered

Question 4

What are some departments in clincial labortaory:

Answer 4

1. urinalysis: examinations of urine
2. Chemistry: chemicals in blood, csf, urine, joint fluid, lipid profiles, fastning glucose.
3. Microbiology: studying bacteria. fungi, yeast, etc
4. Cytology: microscopic examinations of cells fro diagnotsic purposed
5. Blood Bank: stores blood/products for transfusions and BDT

Question 5

What is hematology,the test perofmed on the specimen and the normal values?

Answer 5

study of blood and blood disorders, the test performed is HgB(Hemoglobin)
Male: 13.5-17.5 g/dl
Female- 12-16 g/dl

Question 6

What is a common pregnancy test and what is looked for during the test?

Answer 6

Urine sample- obtained to look for HcG, a hormone secreted by the uterus during pregnancy.

Question 7

What is a rapid streptococcus test?

Answer 7

that test that uses throat swabs to look for group a antigens
Antigens present= postive
no antigen= negative

Question 8

what is streptcoccus?

Answer 8

a type of bacteria that has various kinds that causes infections in the throat or other parts of the body.

Question 9

What is dipstick, tablet, or multistick urinalysis:

Answer 9

a screening tool for subsatnces beiing identified or measured.
uses a reagnet strip

Question 10

Hemoglobin/test

Answer 10

a protein in RBCs that carries oxygen around the body.
a machine used to screen oxygen carrying protein in blood
performed using a capillary puncture (finger stick)

Question 11

What is Hematocrit/ test, spceiman type, test inculded, and normal values for both men and women?

Answer 11

fingerstick col;ection of blood obtained by microcappillary tubes which are centrigued and evaluted for % of RBCs
speciman type- hematology blood sample
tests inculded HCT
Normal value rnges- male -41-53%
female- 36%-46%

Question 12

What is blood glucose test?

Answer 12

whole blood is analyzed in a glucometer for amount of sugar in blood
Performed using capillary blood from a finger stick

Question 13

What is Hemoglobin A1C:

Answer 13

is a measure of average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months

Question 14

Cholestrol Testing:

Answer 14

lipids are evaluted from capillar blood sample. Sample is anaysled ina in a cholestrol tetsing machine.

Question 15

What is Helicobacter Plyori:

Answer 15

it is a bacteria that infects the digestive tract

Question 16

What is mononucleosis waht waht is monculseosis screening?

Answer 16

a contagious infection caused by a herpes virus called Epstein-Barr the screening is done test for the presence of Epstein Brr virus

Question 17

What is a nasal swab sepciman for Influneza and b test:

Answer 17

a qualtative test for mutiple influneza antgens uinsg a swab tat is inserted the nose

Question 18

Fecal occult blood testing:

Answer 18

perfomed for hidden blood in stool. perofmed with a fecal occult bnlood testing kit using patinets’s stool

Question 19

What are 3 desginations for labortaory testing based on complexity:

Answer 19

CLIA Wavied- most common fro ambultory care and is the lowest level of complexity
- Nonwaoved= moderate and high complexity

Question 20

What must labs performing non wavied test have:

Answer 20

a clia certification,
must be inspected
must meet CLIA quality standards

Question 21

What are quality controls?
EX?

Answer 21

actionbs performed to ensure reliabilty of test results and minmomze erros
EX- reveiwing epiration date of urine reagant strips

Question 22

What is quality assurance:
EX-

Answer 22

maoinatance of a desire dlevel quality rwlted service or equipment.
Ex- rotating stock to put ewsst containers in back of storgae area

Question 23

What is the most commonly tested speciman and when can it be collected?

Answer 23

urine is the most common ly tested and ir van be collected at any time of the day and is used for screening

Question 24

What ius true about first morning specians?

Answer 24

they are fh emore conctebatred and are often used for prequguenacy or to evlaute other analytes.

Question 25

What is a 24-hour sample:

Answer 25

patinet throws away frits sample in the morning and keeps all other urine samples incukding the fis of the seconed day.
Helps doctors measure protein, how well kidenys fnction, , etc

Question 26

What is a catherized collection:

Answer 26

a tube inserted in sie teh urthra in the bladder for patients who cant pee

Question 27

What should patients avoid prior to testing:

Answer 27

red meats, dyes, aspirn/ products, Vitamin C and iron supplements

Question 28

What are tests perfomed for CBC (complete blood count) and the normal results?

Answer 28

WBCs- 4500-11000/mm cubed
RBCs- M- 4.5- 9.5 million F- 4.5-5 million M/mm cubed
Palatet count: 150,00-400,000/mm cubed
granulocyte (a type of WBC) : 50-70% of all WBCs
MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume, measure of the average volume or size of RBCs in a BS)- value score of 80-95
higher than normal= microcytic
lower than normal= Microcytic

Question 29

What is glucose, its speciman type, test incudled and nomal ranges?

Answer 29

sugar
Chemistry blood sample
Hemoglobin A1C
Below. 5.7% (measured over a 3-month period)

Question 30

What is cholesterol, specimen type?

Answer 30

Levels of fat in the body
Chemistry blood

Question 31

Tests perfomed to monitor or trach cholestrol?

Answer 31

LDL- low density lipoproteins a.k.a bad cholestrol
normal range- less than 100 mg/dL
HDL- high desnit lipoproteins= good cholestrol
healh result greater than 60mg/Dl
Trigicerdies: measures amount of fat
40-150 mg/dL

Question 32

What are some common errors in the lab?

Answer 32

mislabeling, improper instruction for clean- catch urine samples. Lack of patient adherence

Question 33

How to collect a clean urine sample?

Answer 33

Cleaning the genital area.
Starting to pee in the toilet.
Then, catching some urine in a sterile container without touching anything.
Finally, finishing peeing in the toilet.
used to make sure urine sample is clean and free from outside germs