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Genetics > module 7 lec 4 > Flashcards

module 7 lec 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What happens to mRNA after transcription in eukaryotes?

A

It is processed before translation.

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2
Q

What is added to the 5’ end of mRNA in eukaryotes?

A

A methylated cap is added.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the 5’ methylated cap?

A

It protects mRNA from degradation and helps with translation initiation.

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4
Q

How does the 5’ cap affect mRNA stability?

A

The 5’ cap increases mRNA stability and facilitates export from the nucleus.

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5
Q

What is added to the 3’ end of mRNA in eukaryotes?

A

A polyA tail is added.

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6
Q

What is the function of the polyA tail?

A

It stabilizes the mRNA, aids in export from the nucleus, and helps with translation initiation.

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7
Q

How does the polyA tail affect mRNA?

A

The polyA tail protects mRNA from degradation and enhances translation efficiency.

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8
Q

What happens to mRNA after the polyA tail is added?

A

The mRNA is ready for export to the cytoplasm for translation

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9
Q

What is RNA splicing?

A

RNA splicing removes introns from the pre-mRNA, leaving only exons.

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10
Q

What are exons?

A

Exons are the coding sequences in a gene’s DNA and mature mRNA.

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11
Q

What are introns?

A

ntrons are non-coding sequences found in DNA but not in mRNA.

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12
Q

Why are introns removed during RNA splicing?

A

Introns are removed to produce a functional mRNA that can be translated into protein.

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13
Q

Do all eukaryotic genes have introns?

A

No, but some eukaryotic genes have many introns

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14
Q

What happens to exons after RNA splicing?

A

Exons are joined together to form the final mRNA.

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15
Q

What is RNA splicing?

A

RNA splicing is the process of removing introns from pre-mRNA and joining the exons together.

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16
Q

Why is RNA splicing important

A

It converts pre-mRNA into a mature mRNA that can be translated into protein.

17
Q

What are introns?

A

Introns are non-coding sequences that are removed during RNA splicing.

18
Q

What are exons?

A

Exons are coding sequences that remain in the mRNA after RNA splicing.

19
Q

How does RNA splicing affect pre-mRNA?

A

RNA splicing removes introns and connects the remaining exons to form mature mRNA.

20
Q

What are spliceosomes?

A

Spliceosomes are complexes of proteins and RNA that carry out RNA splicing.

21
Q

Can RNA splicing vary between different cell types?

A

Yes, alternative RNA splicing can produce different mRNA variants from the same gene

22
Q

What is alternative splicing?

A

Alternative splicing is when different combinations of exons are joined, producing multiple mRNA forms from a single gene.

23
Q

What happens to introns after RNA splicing?

A

Introns are degraded after being removed from pre-mRNA during RNA splicing.

24
Q

How are introns degraded after RNA splicing?

A

Introns are typically degraded by cellular exonucleases and RNA degradation pathways.

25
Q

Why is the degradation of introns important?

A

Degrading introns helps prevent the accumulation of non-coding RNA and ensures efficient use of cellular resources.

26
Q

What catalyzes RNA splicing?

A

Spliceosomes catalyze RNA splicing.

27
Q

What are spliceosomes?

A

: Spliceosomes are complexes of proteins and RNA that perform RNA splicing.

28
Q

What are ribozymes?

A

Ribozymes are RNA molecules that function as enzymes, facilitating RNA splicing.

29
Q

Why are ribozymes important in RNA splicing?

A

Ribozymes help catalyze the splicing reactions, ensuring they occur correctly and efficiently.

30
Q

What does RNA splicing ensure?

A

RNA splicing ensures that all splicing reactions occur in a coordinated and precise manner.

31
Q

What is alternative splicing?

A

Alternative splicing allows different mRNAs to be produced from the same pre-mRNA transcript.

32
Q

How does alternative splicing contribute to gene diversity?

A

It enables a single gene to produce multiple protein variants by combining different exons in various ways.

33
Q

What are transplicing events?

A

Transplicing combines exons from different genes to form a new mRNA.

34
Q

How are transplicing events different from alternative splicing?

A

Transplicing combines exons from separate genes, while alternative splicing rearranges exons within a single gene.

35
Q

What is the benefit of alternative splicing?

A

It increases the diversity of proteins that can be produced from a single gene, contributing to complexity in eukaryotic organisms.

Genetics (29 decks)

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