Module 7 - Balance Training Concepts Flashcards
The conscious awareness of joint movement and joint position sense that results from proprioceptive input sent to the CNS.
Kinesthesia
Joint receptors that are mechanically sensitive to tissue stresses that are activated during extremes of extension and rotation.
Ruffini afferents
Specialized neural receptors embedded in connective tissue that convert mechanical distortions of the tissue into neural codes to be conveyed to the CNS.
Mechanoreceptors
Large, cylindrical, thinly encapsulated multi-cellular end organ structures mechanically sensitive to local compression and tensile loading, especially at extreme ranges fo motion.
Paciniform afferents
High-threshold, slow-adapting sensory receptors in ligaments and menisci that are mechanically sensitive to tensile loads and are most sensitive at the end of ranges of motion.
Golgi afferents
Small-diameter afferents located primarily in articular tissue and sensitive to mechanical deformation and pain.
Nocioceptors
Refers to the ability of the kinetic chain to stabilize a joint during movement.
Dynamic joint stabilization
Refers to a training environment that provides heightened stimulation to the proprioceptors and mechanoreceptors.
Multi-sensory condition
Refers to a training environment that is unstable as can be safely controlled for an individual.
Controlled instability
Balance exercises that involve little joint motion of the balance leg.
Balance-stabilization exercises
Balance exercises involving eccentric and concentric movement of the balancing leg through a full range of motion.
Balance-strength exercises
Balance exercises performed by hopping from one foot to another or performing hopping movements on the same foot.
Balance-power exercises
What does balance-strength training improve that balance-stabilization does not?
Dynamic control in the mid-range of motion.
If an athlete fails to correctly perform a step-up to balance, which is the best regression option to use?
Single-leg balance reach on foam pad
What must be maintained for the central nervous system to allow maximum recruitment of the prime mover?
Dynamic joint stabilization and postural control
What is the name for the conscious awareness of joint movement and joint position that results from proprioceptive input sent to the central nervous system?
Kinesthesia
What compensation occurs when prime movers are weak?
Synergistic dominance
A volleyball player who is new to training and wants to improve joint stability would start with which kind of exercises?
Balance-stabilization
At which point are Golgi afferents most mechanically sensitive to tensile load?
End range of motion
What is the appropriate timing for an athlete performing the single-leg lift and chop?
4/2/1
What do nociceptors sense?
Mechanical deformation
Once an athlete can easily perform a single-leg throw and catch, which exercise would you use after progressing him to the next phase of OPT?
Single-leg squat
Which of the following is a mechanoreceptor (Vagus afferent, Gustation afferent, Carotid afferent, or Golgi afferent)?
Golgi afferent
Through which of the following is kinesthesia largely mediated?
The range of mechanoreceptors
What negative adaptation is created when progressing balance training too quickly?
Synergistic dominance
Reducing non-impact lower limb injury for soccer players would most likely be improved by having an athlete perform which exercise?
Single-leg lateral hop
In regard to progressing an exercise proprioceptively, what is the most important element to consider?
The athletes’ ability level