Module 7 - Balance Training Concepts

Question 1

The conscious awareness of joint movement and joint position sense that results from proprioceptive input sent to the CNS.

Answer 1

Kinesthesia

Question 2

Joint receptors that are mechanically sensitive to tissue stresses that are activated during extremes of extension and rotation.

Answer 2

Ruffini afferents

Question 3

Specialized neural receptors embedded in connective tissue that convert mechanical distortions of the tissue into neural codes to be conveyed to the CNS.

Answer 3

Mechanoreceptors

Question 4

Large, cylindrical, thinly encapsulated multi-cellular end organ structures mechanically sensitive to local compression and tensile loading, especially at extreme ranges fo motion.

Answer 4

Paciniform afferents

Question 5

High-threshold, slow-adapting sensory receptors in ligaments and menisci that are mechanically sensitive to tensile loads and are most sensitive at the end of ranges of motion.

Answer 5

Golgi afferents

Question 6

Small-diameter afferents located primarily in articular tissue and sensitive to mechanical deformation and pain.

Answer 6

Nocioceptors

Question 7

Refers to the ability of the kinetic chain to stabilize a joint during movement.

Answer 7

Dynamic joint stabilization

Question 8

Refers to a training environment that provides heightened stimulation to the proprioceptors and mechanoreceptors.

Answer 8

Multi-sensory condition

Question 9

Refers to a training environment that is unstable as can be safely controlled for an individual.

Answer 9

Controlled instability

Question 10

Balance exercises that involve little joint motion of the balance leg.

Answer 10

Balance-stabilization exercises

Question 11

Balance exercises involving eccentric and concentric movement of the balancing leg through a full range of motion.

Answer 11

Balance-strength exercises

Question 12

Balance exercises performed by hopping from one foot to another or performing hopping movements on the same foot.

Answer 12

Balance-power exercises

Question 13

What does balance-strength training improve that balance-stabilization does not?

Answer 13

Dynamic control in the mid-range of motion.

Question 14

If an athlete fails to correctly perform a step-up to balance, which is the best regression option to use?

Answer 14

Single-leg balance reach on foam pad

Question 15

What must be maintained for the central nervous system to allow maximum recruitment of the prime mover?

Answer 15

Dynamic joint stabilization and postural control

Question 16

What is the name for the conscious awareness of joint movement and joint position that results from proprioceptive input sent to the central nervous system?

Answer 16

Kinesthesia

Question 17

What compensation occurs when prime movers are weak?

Answer 17

Synergistic dominance

Question 18

A volleyball player who is new to training and wants to improve joint stability would start with which kind of exercises?

Answer 18

Balance-stabilization

Question 19

At which point are Golgi afferents most mechanically sensitive to tensile load?

Answer 19

End range of motion

Question 20

What is the appropriate timing for an athlete performing the single-leg lift and chop?

Answer 20

4/2/1

Question 21

What do nociceptors sense?

Answer 21

Mechanical deformation

Question 22

Once an athlete can easily perform a single-leg throw and catch, which exercise would you use after progressing him to the next phase of OPT?

Answer 22

Single-leg squat

Question 23

Which of the following is a mechanoreceptor (Vagus afferent, Gustation afferent, Carotid afferent, or Golgi afferent)?

Answer 23

Golgi afferent

Question 24

Through which of the following is kinesthesia largely mediated?

Answer 24

The range of mechanoreceptors

Question 25

What negative adaptation is created when progressing balance training too quickly?

Answer 25

Synergistic dominance

Question 26

Reducing non-impact lower limb injury for soccer players would most likely be improved by having an athlete perform which exercise?

Answer 26

Single-leg lateral hop

Question 27

In regard to progressing an exercise proprioceptively, what is the most important element to consider?

Answer 27

The athletes’ ability level