Module 4 - Flexibility Training Concepts Flashcards
The normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allow full range of motion of a joint and optimum neuromuscular efficiency throughout all functional movements.
Flexibility
A cycle whereby an “injury” will induce inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesions, altered neuromuscular control, and muscle imbalances.
Cumulative injury cycle
The concept of muscle inhibition caused by a tight agonist, decreasing the neural drive of its functional antagonist.
Altered reciprocal inhibition
The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when synergists take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover.
Synergistic dominance
The biomechanical dysfunction in two articular partners that lead to abnormal joint movement (arthrokinematics) and proprioception.
Arthrokinetic dysfunction
When a muscle fiber is stimulated to contract, the entire fiber contracts completely.
All-or-none principle
The innermost fascial layer that encases individual muscle fibers.
Endomysium
The sheath that binds groups of muscle fibers into fasciculi.
Permysium
The outermost layer of a muscle fiber.
Epimysium
The loss of muscle fiber size.
Atrophy
A decrease in muscle fiber numbers.
Sarcopenia
The full range of flexibility-corrective, active, and functional flexibility - that must be addressed to counteract muscle atrophy and other physical changes due to aging, immobilization, or injury.
Integrated Flexibility Continuum
The three parts of the integrated flexibility continuum.
Corrective, active, functional
The spring-like behavior of connective tissue that enables the tissue to return to its original shape or size when forces are removed.
Elasticity
The smallest value of stress required to produce permanent strain in the tissue.
Elastic limit
The residual or permanent change in connective tissue length due to tissue elongation.
Plasticity
The fluid-like property of connective tissue that allows slow deformation with an imperfect recovery after the deforming forces are removed.
Viscoelasticity
The observation that soft tissue models along the lines of stress.
Davis’s Law
The observation that bone in a healthy person or animal will adapt to the loads which it is placed.
Wolff’s Law
An impulse transmitted simultaneously over an increasing number of nerve fibers pulling in increasingly more muscle fibers for the task.
Recruitment
Mechanoreceptors located within the musculotendinous junctions that are sensitive to tension and rate of tension change.
Golgi tendon organs (GTO)
The major sensory organs of the muscle sensitive to change in length and rate of length change.
Muscle spindles
The inhibitory action to muscle spindles located within the agonist muscle by prolonged GTO stimulation.
Autogenic inhibition
Receptors in the joints that signal joint position, movement, and pressure changes.
Joint receptors
A motor response in the spinal cord that results when a muscle is stretched very quickly; the muscle spindle contracts, which in turn stimulates the primary afferent fibers, causing the extrafusal fibers to fire, whereby tension increases in the muscle.
Myotatic stretch reflex
Stretching techniques designed to correct common postural dysfunctions, muscle imbalances, and joint disfunction.
Corrective flexibility
Stretching techniques designed to improve soft-tissue extensibility in all planes of motion by employing the neurophysical principle of reciprocal inhibition.
Active flexibility
Stretching techniques designed to improve multiplanar soft tissue extensibility and proved optimum neuromuscular control throughout that full range of motion, while performing functional movements that use the body’s muscles to control the speed, direction, and intensity of the stretch.
Functional flexibility
A flexibility technique that focuses on the neural and fascial systems in the body.
Self-myofascial release
Using agonists and synergists to dynamically move the joints through a range of motion
Active-isolated stretching
Use of a muscle’s own force production and momentum to take a joint through the full range of motion.
Dynamic stretching
What does the all-or-none principle state?
When a muscle contracts, it contracts completely.
What is the spring-like behavior of connective tissue that allows it to return to its original form when forces are removed?
Elasticity
What type of connective tissue connects muscle to bone?
Tendons
What is the functional unit of muscle?
Sarcomere
Which of the following is responsible for inhibitory action to the muscle spindles, which will allow adaptive changes to muscle spindle sensitivity at the new range of motion after holdign the stretched position?
Golgi tendon organ
What two areas of the human body makeup the peripheral nervous system?
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
What is a permanent change in connective tissue length due to elongation?
Plasticity
What is the functional unit of the muscle formed by repeating sections of actin and myosin?
Sarcomere
Self-myofascial release focused on what two systems of the human body?
Neural and fascial
What is the fluid-like property found in connective tissue?
Viscoelasticity
What change in muscle tissue do muscle spindle fibers monitor?
Length
Neuromuscular stretching is also referred to as?
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
What two areas of the human body makeup the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
Endomysium is a layer of tissue located in which part of the muscle?
Innermost
The muscle fascia surrounding a joint accounts for what percentage of joint stiffness?
41%
