Module 4 - Flexibility Training Concepts

Question 1

The normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allow full range of motion of a joint and optimum neuromuscular efficiency throughout all functional movements.

Answer 1

Flexibility

Question 2

A cycle whereby an “injury” will induce inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesions, altered neuromuscular control, and muscle imbalances.

Answer 2

Cumulative injury cycle

Question 3

The concept of muscle inhibition caused by a tight agonist, decreasing the neural drive of its functional antagonist.

Answer 3

Altered reciprocal inhibition

Question 4

The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when synergists take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover.

Answer 4

Synergistic dominance

Question 5

The biomechanical dysfunction in two articular partners that lead to abnormal joint movement (arthrokinematics) and proprioception.

Answer 5

Arthrokinetic dysfunction

Question 6

When a muscle fiber is stimulated to contract, the entire fiber contracts completely.

Answer 6

All-or-none principle

Question 7

The innermost fascial layer that encases individual muscle fibers.

Answer 7

Endomysium

Question 8

The sheath that binds groups of muscle fibers into fasciculi.

Answer 8

Permysium

Question 9

The outermost layer of a muscle fiber.

Answer 9

Epimysium

Question 10

The loss of muscle fiber size.

Answer 10

Atrophy

Question 11

A decrease in muscle fiber numbers.

Answer 11

Sarcopenia

Question 12

The full range of flexibility-corrective, active, and functional flexibility - that must be addressed to counteract muscle atrophy and other physical changes due to aging, immobilization, or injury.

Answer 12

Integrated Flexibility Continuum

Question 13

The three parts of the integrated flexibility continuum.

Answer 13

Corrective, active, functional

Question 14

The spring-like behavior of connective tissue that enables the tissue to return to its original shape or size when forces are removed.

Answer 14

Elasticity

Question 15

The smallest value of stress required to produce permanent strain in the tissue.

Answer 15

Elastic limit

Question 16

The residual or permanent change in connective tissue length due to tissue elongation.

Answer 16

Plasticity

Question 17

The fluid-like property of connective tissue that allows slow deformation with an imperfect recovery after the deforming forces are removed.

Answer 17

Viscoelasticity

Question 18

The observation that soft tissue models along the lines of stress.

Answer 18

Davis’s Law

Question 19

The observation that bone in a healthy person or animal will adapt to the loads which it is placed.

Answer 19

Wolff’s Law

Question 20

An impulse transmitted simultaneously over an increasing number of nerve fibers pulling in increasingly more muscle fibers for the task.

Answer 20

Recruitment

Question 21

Mechanoreceptors located within the musculotendinous junctions that are sensitive to tension and rate of tension change.

Answer 21

Golgi tendon organs (GTO)

Question 22

The major sensory organs of the muscle sensitive to change in length and rate of length change.

Answer 22

Muscle spindles

Question 23

The inhibitory action to muscle spindles located within the agonist muscle by prolonged GTO stimulation.

Answer 23

Autogenic inhibition

Question 24

Receptors in the joints that signal joint position, movement, and pressure changes.

Answer 24

Joint receptors

Question 25

A motor response in the spinal cord that results when a muscle is stretched very quickly; the muscle spindle contracts, which in turn stimulates the primary afferent fibers, causing the extrafusal fibers to fire, whereby tension increases in the muscle.

Answer 25

Myotatic stretch reflex

Question 26

Stretching techniques designed to correct common postural dysfunctions, muscle imbalances, and joint disfunction.

Answer 26

Corrective flexibility

Question 27

Stretching techniques designed to improve soft-tissue extensibility in all planes of motion by employing the neurophysical principle of reciprocal inhibition.

Answer 27

Active flexibility

Question 28

Stretching techniques designed to improve multiplanar soft tissue extensibility and proved optimum neuromuscular control throughout that full range of motion, while performing functional movements that use the body’s muscles to control the speed, direction, and intensity of the stretch.

Answer 28

Functional flexibility

Question 29

A flexibility technique that focuses on the neural and fascial systems in the body.

Answer 29

Self-myofascial release

Question 30

Using agonists and synergists to dynamically move the joints through a range of motion

Answer 30

Active-isolated stretching

Question 31

Use of a muscle’s own force production and momentum to take a joint through the full range of motion.

Answer 31

Dynamic stretching

Question 32

What does the all-or-none principle state?

Answer 32

When a muscle contracts, it contracts completely.

Question 33

What is the spring-like behavior of connective tissue that allows it to return to its original form when forces are removed?

Answer 33

Elasticity

Question 34

What type of connective tissue connects muscle to bone?

Answer 34

Tendons

Question 35

What is the functional unit of muscle?

Answer 35

Sarcomere

Question 36

Which of the following is responsible for inhibitory action to the muscle spindles, which will allow adaptive changes to muscle spindle sensitivity at the new range of motion after holdign the stretched position?

Answer 36

Golgi tendon organ

Question 37

What two areas of the human body makeup the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 37

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 38

What is a permanent change in connective tissue length due to elongation?

Answer 38

Plasticity

Question 39

What is the functional unit of the muscle formed by repeating sections of actin and myosin?

Answer 39

Sarcomere

Question 40

Self-myofascial release focused on what two systems of the human body?

Answer 40

Neural and fascial

Question 41

What is the fluid-like property found in connective tissue?

Answer 41

Viscoelasticity

Question 42

What change in muscle tissue do muscle spindle fibers monitor?

Answer 42

Length

Question 43

Neuromuscular stretching is also referred to as?

Answer 43

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Question 44

What two areas of the human body makeup the central nervous system?

Answer 44

Brain and spinal cord

Question 45

Endomysium is a layer of tissue located in which part of the muscle?

Answer 45

Innermost

Question 46

The muscle fascia surrounding a joint accounts for what percentage of joint stiffness?

Answer 46

41%