Module 2 - Science of Human Movement Flashcards
The study of human movement.
Kinesiology
A physics term involving the study of how forces affect a living body.
Biomechanics
An equal and opposite external force that is exerted back onto the body by the ground.
Ground reaction force
Taking physical measurements and making mathematical computations to reach a conclusion.
Quantitative analysis
Applying principles of proper technique and combining them with observations in order to make an education evaluation.
Qualitative analysis
A vertical line of reference consisting of a chord with plumb bob attached to one end.
Plumb line
An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.
Force
The amount of matter in an object of physical body.
Mass
A substance that takes up space.
Matter
The speed of an object.
Acceleration
The amount of force that gravity has on the body.
Weight
A force that accelerates an object of mass downward toward the earth’s center.
Gravity
The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.
Length-tension relationship
The relationship of muscle’s ability to produce tension at differing shortening velocities.
Force-velocity curve
Joint motion.
Arthrokinematics
Movement of the bones around the joints.
Rotary motion
A force that produces rotation. Common unit of torque is the Newton-Meter or Nm.
Torque
Muscles that act as prime movers.
Agonists
Muscles that act in direct opposition of the prime movers.
Antagonists
Muscles that assist prime movers during functional movement patterns.
Synergists
Muscles that support or stabilize the body while the prime movers and the synergists perform the movement patterns.
Stabilizers
A combined system of the nervous and muscular systems.
Neuromuscular system
Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli.
Motor behavior
How the CNS integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experience to produce a motor response.
Motor control
The integration of motor control processes with practice and experience that leads to relatively permanent changes in the body’s capacity to produce skilled movements.
Motor learning
The change in motor skill behavior over time-through the lifetime.
Motor development
The rate at which motor neurons discharge action potentials; also referred to as rate coding.
Motor unit discharge rate
The cumulative neural input from sensory afferents to the CNS.
Proprioception
The ability of the CNS to gather and interpret sensory information to execute the proper motor response.
Sensorimotor integration
Sensory information provided by the body via length-tension relationships, force-couple relationships and arthrokinematics to monitor movement and environment.
Internal feedback
Information provided by some external source.
External feedback
Feedback used after the completion of a movement to help inform the athlete about the outcome of his performance.
Knowledge of results
Feedback that provides information about the quality of the movement during exercise.
Knowledge of performance
The components of the Human Movement System (HMS):
Skeletal system, Nervous system, Muscular system
Plane of movement that bisects the body into right and left halves; involves movement forward and backwards.
Sagittal plane
Plane of movement that bisects the body into front and back halves; involves sideways movements such as adduction and abduction.
Frontal plane
Sideways movement away from the body.
Abduction
Sideways movement toward the body.
Adduction
Plane of movement that bisects the body into upper and lower halves; involves movements of rotation.
Transverse plane
Anatomy description of above.
Superior
Anatomy description of below.
Inferior
Anatomy description of in front.
Anterior
Anatomy description of behind.
Posterior
Anatomy description of beside.
Lateral
Anatomy description of inside.
Medial
A lever with the fulcrum between the force and the load (teeter-totter).
Class I lever
A lever with the load between the force and the fulcrum (wheelbarrow).
Class II lever
A lever with the force between the load and the fulcrum (lifting a shovel).
Class III lever (Note: this is the most common type in the human body)
The muscular behavior property that refers to the ability to be stretched or lengthened.
Extensibility
The muscular behavior property that refers to the ability of the muscle to return to normal or resting length after stretching.
Elasticity
The muscular behavior property that refers to the ability to respond to a stimulus.
Irritability
The muscular behavior property that refers to the contract.
Ability to develop tension
Name the four movement subsystems:
1) The deep longitudinal subsystem (DLS)
2) The posterior oblique subsystem (POS)
3) The anterior oblique subsystem (AOS)
4) The lateral subsystem (LS)
Motor behavior is the collective study of what?
Motor control, motor learning, and motor development.
Which class of lever is the most common in the body?
III (three)
Which of the following describes a person’s ability to change motor behavior over time throughout a life span?
Motor development
Which of the following muscles is part of the anterior oblique subsystem?
External obliques
Which muscle behavior refers to its ability to be stretched or lengthened?
Extensibility
How many classes of levers are present in the body?
Three
Which of the following muscles is considered a synergist while performing a bench press?
Triceps
Which of the following muscle actions develops tension while a muscle is lengthening?
Eccentric
Which muscle action is directly associated with accelerating supination?
Concentric
Which plane bisects the body into front and back halves with motion occurring around an anterior-posterior axis?
Frontal plane
The posterior oblique subsystem works synergistically with which other system?
Deep longitudinal
Which of the following is a form of internal feedback?
Sensory information
Performing an exercise with elbow extension requires which muscle to be the agonist?
Triceps
