General Topics

Question 1

What type of chemicals are released when electrical impulses reach the axon terminal?

Answer 1

Neurotransmitters

Question 2

What is the functional unit of the muscle, formed by repeating sections of actin and myosin, that lines in the space between two Z lines?

Answer 2

Sarcomere

Question 3

What skeletal structures make up the respiratory pump?

Answer 3

Sternum, ribs, vertebrae

Question 4

Which of the following is a catabolic hormone that inhibits protein synthesis and converts amino acids to carbohydrates to be used as fuel?

Answer 4

Cortisol

Question 5

Which bioenergetic pathway is activated at the onset of all activity, regardless of intensity, due to its ability to produce very rapidly in comparison to other systems?

Answer 5

ATP-CP

Question 6

Which of the following endocrine organs releases antidiuretic hoormone to help regulate water in the body?

Answer 6

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 7

Which of the following is the ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret information for proper decision making to produce the appropriate response?

Answer 7

Integrative function

Question 8

What transmits nerve impulses from receptors in tissues to the brain and/or spinal cord?

Answer 8

Sensory neurons

Question 9

What is the outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds muscle?

Answer 9

Epimysium

Question 10

Which hormone plays a role in regulating blood calcium levels and bone metabolism?

Answer 10

Parathyroid hormone

Question 11

What is the typical discharge rate for the heart?

Answer 11

70 and 80 beats per minute

Question 12

What do the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine work together to do?

Answer 12

Increase heart rate, blood flow, and muscle contraction

Question 13

Which of the following is a muscle of the respiratory pump?

Answer 13

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 14

Which muscle fiber type is resistant to fatigue and best for long-term contractions and postural control?

Answer 14

Type I

Question 15

Why is measuring heart rate via the carotid artery not recommended?

Answer 15

It can decrease blood flow to the brain

Question 16

What role do the atriums of the heart play in circulating blood throughout the body?

Answer 16

Gather blood coming to the heart

Question 17

What connects muscle to bone and is slow to repair and adapt due to poor vascularity?

Answer 17

Tendons

Question 18

Which of the following will stimulate the greatest “fight or flight” response?

Answer 18

Anaerobic sprinting, heavy resistance exercise

Question 19

How does the hormonal response to exercise compare between a highly-trained athlete and a sedentary individual when exercising at an equal relative intensity?

Answer 19

The response is similar

Question 20

Which of the following connects bone to bone and is the primary connective tissue for a joint?

Answer 20

Ligament

Question 21

Testosterone promotes the release of growth hormone by which endocrine organ?

Answer 21

Pituitary gland

Question 22

What are the three joint movement patterns?

Answer 22

Roll, slide, spin

Question 23

The number of times the heart beats per minute plus how much blood is being pumped out with each beat.

Answer 23

Cardiac output (Heart Rate + Stroke Volume)

Question 24

What is the bioenenergetic coninuum?

Answer 24

The three ways the body produces energy:

1) ATP-CP
2) Glycolysis
3) Oxidative

Question 25

The energy system that uses creatine phosphate and ADP to create ATP for energy.

Answer 25

ATP-CP (Note: This system lasts for about 10 seconds and is the first system used in all movement)

Question 26

The energy system that uses the breakdown of carbohydrates or glucose for energy.

Answer 26

Glycolysis (Note: This system lasts for about 30 - 50 seconds of activity)

Question 27

The energy system that uses carbohydrates and fat to produce energy.

Answer 27

Oxidative (Note: This system is the primary system used in activities over 2 minutes)