General Topics Flashcards
What type of chemicals are released when electrical impulses reach the axon terminal?
Neurotransmitters
What is the functional unit of the muscle, formed by repeating sections of actin and myosin, that lines in the space between two Z lines?
Sarcomere
What skeletal structures make up the respiratory pump?
Sternum, ribs, vertebrae
Which of the following is a catabolic hormone that inhibits protein synthesis and converts amino acids to carbohydrates to be used as fuel?
Cortisol
Which bioenergetic pathway is activated at the onset of all activity, regardless of intensity, due to its ability to produce very rapidly in comparison to other systems?
ATP-CP
Which of the following endocrine organs releases antidiuretic hoormone to help regulate water in the body?
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Which of the following is the ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret information for proper decision making to produce the appropriate response?
Integrative function
What transmits nerve impulses from receptors in tissues to the brain and/or spinal cord?
Sensory neurons
What is the outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds muscle?
Epimysium
Which hormone plays a role in regulating blood calcium levels and bone metabolism?
Parathyroid hormone
What is the typical discharge rate for the heart?
70 and 80 beats per minute
What do the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine work together to do?
Increase heart rate, blood flow, and muscle contraction
Which of the following is a muscle of the respiratory pump?
Sternocleidomastoid
Which muscle fiber type is resistant to fatigue and best for long-term contractions and postural control?
Type I
Why is measuring heart rate via the carotid artery not recommended?
It can decrease blood flow to the brain
What role do the atriums of the heart play in circulating blood throughout the body?
Gather blood coming to the heart
What connects muscle to bone and is slow to repair and adapt due to poor vascularity?
Tendons
Which of the following will stimulate the greatest “fight or flight” response?
Anaerobic sprinting, heavy resistance exercise
How does the hormonal response to exercise compare between a highly-trained athlete and a sedentary individual when exercising at an equal relative intensity?
The response is similar
Which of the following connects bone to bone and is the primary connective tissue for a joint?
Ligament
Testosterone promotes the release of growth hormone by which endocrine organ?
Pituitary gland
What are the three joint movement patterns?
Roll, slide, spin
The number of times the heart beats per minute plus how much blood is being pumped out with each beat.
Cardiac output (Heart Rate + Stroke Volume)
What is the bioenenergetic coninuum?
The three ways the body produces energy:
1) ATP-CP
2) Glycolysis
3) Oxidative
The energy system that uses creatine phosphate and ADP to create ATP for energy.
ATP-CP (Note: This system lasts for about 10 seconds and is the first system used in all movement)
The energy system that uses the breakdown of carbohydrates or glucose for energy.
Glycolysis (Note: This system lasts for about 30 - 50 seconds of activity)
The energy system that uses carbohydrates and fat to produce energy.
Oxidative (Note: This system is the primary system used in activities over 2 minutes)
