module 7 Flashcards
ecological validity
the extent to which research can be generalized to real life situations
undisguised observation
studies in which the subjects are aware that the researcher is observing their behavior
nonparticipant observation
studies in which the researcher does not participate in the situation in which the subjects are involved
participant observation
studies in which the researcher actively participates in the situation in which the research subjects are involved
disguised observation
studies in which the subjects are unaware that the researcher is observing behaviors
expectancy effects
influence of the researcher’s expectations on the outcomes
- may pay more attention to behaviors that support hypothesis and ignore those that do not
laboratory observation
observing people/animals in a contrived setting, usually a laboratory
- concerns: reactivity, expectancy effects, lack of flexibility
narrative records
full narrative descriptions of a subject’s behavior (notes, video, audio, etc)
checklist
a tally sheet on which the researcher records attributes of the subjects and whether particular behaviors were observed
static item
a type of item used on a checklist on which attributes that do not change are recorded (how many people are present, gender, race, weather, etc)
action item
a type of item used on a checklist to note the presence or absence of behaviors
qualitative methods (5)
case study archival interview field study action research
qualitative research
social research based on field observations that are analyzed without statistics
- focused on interpreting not quantifying
archival method
involves describing data that existed before the time of the study
interview
involves asking questions in a face-to-face manner that can be conducted anywhere
- standardized interview: questions are asked in a specific order, little deviation of wording
- semistandardized
- unstandardized
