module 13 Flashcards
correlated groups designs
subjects in the experimental and control groups are related in some way
within subjects design
a type of correlated groups design in which the same subjects are used in each condition
within subjects +/-
requires fewer participants than between subjects
requires less time to conduct (except during longitudinal)
increases statistical power
differences are minimized which reduces variability and increases chances of achieving statistical significance
order effect
a problem for within-subjects design in which the order of the conditions has an effect on the dv
(practice and fatigues effects are common)
counterbalancing
mechanism for controlling order effects either by including all orders of treatment presentation or by randomly determining the order for each subject
latin square
counterbalancing technique to control for order effects without using all possible orders
carryover effect
participants “carry” something with them from one condition to another
(experience a change that they now carry to 2nd condition)
matched subjects design
correlated groups design in which subjects are matched between conditions on variables that the researcher believes are relevant
matched subjects design +
groups are more equivalent
differences have been minimized
testing effects minimized
developmental designs
cross sectional
longitudinal
sequential
cross sectional design
subjects of different ages are studied at the same time
longitudinal
same subjects are studied repeatedly as they age
sequential
combination of cross sectional and longitudinal
takes a cross section (different ages and then studies or measures the same group again months/years later)
correlation coefficient
-1.0 to +1.0 and refers to direction of relationship
between design
experimental group and control group (2 different groups)
